Novel multi-stage aluminium production: part 1 – thermodynamic assessment of carbosulphidation of Al2O3/bauxite using H2S and sodiothermic reduction of Al2S3

M. A. Rhamdhani; N. Huda; A. Khaliq; G. A. Brooks; B. J. Monaghan; D. A. Sheppard; L. Prentice

doi:10.1080/03719553.2017.1293352

Novel multi-stage aluminium production: part 1 – thermodynamic assessment of carbosulphidation of Al₂O₃/bauxite using H₂S and sodiothermic reduction of Al₂S₃

M. A. Rhamdhani^*, N. Huda, A. Khaliq, G. A. Brooks, B. J. Monaghan, D. A. Sheppard, L. Prentice

^*Corresponding author for this work

School of Engineering

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7 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

A novel multi-stage Al production through a carbosulphidation of Al₂O₃, followed by a sodiothermic reduction of Al₂S₃, was proposed. In Stage-1, alumina (or bauxite) is reduced to Al₂S₃ in the presence of carbon and H₂S. In Stage-2, Al₂S₃ is reduced to Al through reactions with Na or NaH. The thermodynamic analysis predicted Al₂S₃ to be the main intermediate Al-compound when H₂S is reacted with Al₂S₃ and C at 1000-2000°C at 1 atm. Al₂S₃ formation was predicted to be low at 1100-1300°C at 1 atm (0.1 moles/mole Al₂O₃) but increased with increasing temperature (0.96 moles/mole Al₂O₃ at 1800°C). The thermodynamic analysis of sodiothermic reduction predicted that Al metal can be extracted from Al₂S₃ below 800°C at 1 atm. The Na₂S produced can be hydrolysed to form H₂S and NaOH. H₂S can be re-used and the Na can be reproduced from NaOH and put back into the process.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	91-102
Number of pages	12
Journal	Transactions of the Institutions of Mining and Metallurgy, Section C: Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy
Volume	127
Issue number	2
Early online date	22 Feb 2017
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1080/03719553.2017.1293352
Publication status	Published - 3 Apr 2018

Keywords

carbosulphidation of alumina
indirect carbothermal reduction
thermodynamic modelling
carbosulphidation of bauxite
aluminium sulphide production
Al₂O₃
sodiothermic reduction of Al₂O₃

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10.1080/03719553.2017.1293352

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Rhamdhani, M. A., Huda, N., Khaliq, A., Brooks, G. A., Monaghan, B. J., Sheppard, D. A., & Prentice, L. (2018). Novel multi-stage aluminium production: part 1 – thermodynamic assessment of carbosulphidation of Al₂O₃/bauxite using H₂S and sodiothermic reduction of Al₂S₃. Transactions of the Institutions of Mining and Metallurgy, Section C: Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy, 127(2), 91-102. https://doi.org/10.1080/03719553.2017.1293352

@article{d2f0c518acb34a7bb866175df182a086,

title = "Novel multi-stage aluminium production: part 1 – thermodynamic assessment of carbosulphidation of Al2O3/bauxite using H2S and sodiothermic reduction of Al2S3",

abstract = "A novel multi-stage Al production through a carbosulphidation of Al2O3, followed by a sodiothermic reduction of Al2S3, was proposed. In Stage-1, alumina (or bauxite) is reduced to Al2S3 in the presence of carbon and H2S. In Stage-2, Al2S3 is reduced to Al through reactions with Na or NaH. The thermodynamic analysis predicted Al2S3 to be the main intermediate Al-compound when H2S is reacted with Al2S3 and C at 1000-2000°C at 1 atm. Al2S3 formation was predicted to be low at 1100-1300°C at 1 atm (0.1 moles/mole Al2O3) but increased with increasing temperature (0.96 moles/mole Al2O3 at 1800°C). The thermodynamic analysis of sodiothermic reduction predicted that Al metal can be extracted from Al2S3 below 800°C at 1 atm. The Na2S produced can be hydrolysed to form H2S and NaOH. H2S can be re-used and the Na can be reproduced from NaOH and put back into the process.",

keywords = "carbosulphidation of alumina, indirect carbothermal reduction, thermodynamic modelling, carbosulphidation of bauxite, aluminium sulphide production, Al₂O₃, sodiothermic reduction of Al₂O₃",

author = "Rhamdhani, {M. A.} and N. Huda and A. Khaliq and Brooks, {G. A.} and Monaghan, {B. J.} and Sheppard, {D. A.} and L. Prentice",

year = "2018",

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doi = "10.1080/03719553.2017.1293352",

language = "English",

volume = "127",

pages = "91--102",

journal = "Transactions of the Institutions of Mining and Metallurgy, Section C: Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy",

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Rhamdhani, MA, Huda, N, Khaliq, A, Brooks, GA, Monaghan, BJ, Sheppard, DA & Prentice, L 2018, 'Novel multi-stage aluminium production: part 1 – thermodynamic assessment of carbosulphidation of Al₂O₃/bauxite using H₂S and sodiothermic reduction of Al₂S₃', Transactions of the Institutions of Mining and Metallurgy, Section C: Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy, vol. 127, no. 2, pp. 91-102. https://doi.org/10.1080/03719553.2017.1293352

Novel multi-stage aluminium production: part 1 – thermodynamic assessment of carbosulphidation of Al₂O₃/bauxite using H₂S and sodiothermic reduction of Al₂S₃. / Rhamdhani, M. A.; Huda, N.; Khaliq, A. et al.
In: Transactions of the Institutions of Mining and Metallurgy, Section C: Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy, Vol. 127, No. 2, 03.04.2018, p. 91-102.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

TY - JOUR

T1 - Novel multi-stage aluminium production

T2 - part 1 – thermodynamic assessment of carbosulphidation of Al2O3/bauxite using H2S and sodiothermic reduction of Al2S3

AU - Rhamdhani, M. A.

AU - Huda, N.

AU - Khaliq, A.

AU - Brooks, G. A.

AU - Monaghan, B. J.

AU - Sheppard, D. A.

AU - Prentice, L.

PY - 2018/4/3

Y1 - 2018/4/3

N2 - A novel multi-stage Al production through a carbosulphidation of Al2O3, followed by a sodiothermic reduction of Al2S3, was proposed. In Stage-1, alumina (or bauxite) is reduced to Al2S3 in the presence of carbon and H2S. In Stage-2, Al2S3 is reduced to Al through reactions with Na or NaH. The thermodynamic analysis predicted Al2S3 to be the main intermediate Al-compound when H2S is reacted with Al2S3 and C at 1000-2000°C at 1 atm. Al2S3 formation was predicted to be low at 1100-1300°C at 1 atm (0.1 moles/mole Al2O3) but increased with increasing temperature (0.96 moles/mole Al2O3 at 1800°C). The thermodynamic analysis of sodiothermic reduction predicted that Al metal can be extracted from Al2S3 below 800°C at 1 atm. The Na2S produced can be hydrolysed to form H2S and NaOH. H2S can be re-used and the Na can be reproduced from NaOH and put back into the process.

AB - A novel multi-stage Al production through a carbosulphidation of Al2O3, followed by a sodiothermic reduction of Al2S3, was proposed. In Stage-1, alumina (or bauxite) is reduced to Al2S3 in the presence of carbon and H2S. In Stage-2, Al2S3 is reduced to Al through reactions with Na or NaH. The thermodynamic analysis predicted Al2S3 to be the main intermediate Al-compound when H2S is reacted with Al2S3 and C at 1000-2000°C at 1 atm. Al2S3 formation was predicted to be low at 1100-1300°C at 1 atm (0.1 moles/mole Al2O3) but increased with increasing temperature (0.96 moles/mole Al2O3 at 1800°C). The thermodynamic analysis of sodiothermic reduction predicted that Al metal can be extracted from Al2S3 below 800°C at 1 atm. The Na2S produced can be hydrolysed to form H2S and NaOH. H2S can be re-used and the Na can be reproduced from NaOH and put back into the process.

KW - carbosulphidation of alumina

KW - indirect carbothermal reduction

KW - thermodynamic modelling

KW - carbosulphidation of bauxite

KW - aluminium sulphide production

KW - Al₂O₃

KW - sodiothermic reduction of Al₂O₃

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U2 - 10.1080/03719553.2017.1293352

DO - 10.1080/03719553.2017.1293352

M3 - Article

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VL - 127

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EP - 102

JO - Transactions of the Institutions of Mining and Metallurgy, Section C: Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy

JF - Transactions of the Institutions of Mining and Metallurgy, Section C: Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy

IS - 2

ER -

Rhamdhani MA, Huda N, Khaliq A, Brooks GA, Monaghan BJ, Sheppard DA et al. Novel multi-stage aluminium production: part 1 – thermodynamic assessment of carbosulphidation of Al₂O₃/bauxite using H₂S and sodiothermic reduction of Al₂S₃. Transactions of the Institutions of Mining and Metallurgy, Section C: Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy. 2018 Apr 3;127(2):91-102. Epub 2017 Feb 22. doi: 10.1080/03719553.2017.1293352

Novel multi-stage aluminium production: part 1 – thermodynamic assessment of carbosulphidation of Al₂O₃/bauxite using H₂S and sodiothermic reduction of Al₂S₃

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