TY - JOUR
T1 - Ocular biocompatibility evaluation of hydroxyl-functionalized graphene
AU - Lin, Mimi
AU - Zou, Ruitao
AU - Shi, Haiyan
AU - Yu, Shanshan
AU - Li, Xiaojian
AU - Guo, Rui
AU - Yan, Lu
AU - Li, Guoxing
AU - Liu, Yong
AU - Dai, Liming
PY - 2015/5/1
Y1 - 2015/5/1
N2 - We have presented our recent efforts on genotoxicity and intraocular biocompatibility of hydroxylated graphene (G-OH) prepared by ball milling. We have previously demonstrated that the as-synthesized G-OH could be considered as an excellent alternative for graphene oxide which had been applied widely. Following our last report on G-OH, we carried out detailed studies on genotoxicity and in vivo biocompatibility of G-OH in this work. Less than 5% enhanced caspase-3 level was observed for cells exposed to more than 50 μg/mL G-OH over 72 h, suggesting G-OH caused cell apoptosis was slight. The G-OH induced DNA damage was also found to be mild since expression of p53 and ROS regeneration level was quite low even at high concentration of G-OH over a long time. Cell viability was found to be higher than 90% with 50 μg/mL G-OH and 80% with 100 μg/mL G-OH using flow cytometry. Comet results suggested that less than 5% tail could be found with 100 μg/mL G-OH. TEM results confirmed that G-OH could penetrate into and out of the cytoplasm by means of endocytosis and exocytosis without causing damage on cell membranes. In vivo biocompatibility of G-OH was studied by intravitreal injection of G-OH into rabbits. The ocular fundus photography results showed that G-OH could be diffused in the vitreous body gradually without any damage caused. Injection of G-OH had caused few damages on eyesight related functions such as intraocular pressure, electroretinogram and histological structures of the retina.
AB - We have presented our recent efforts on genotoxicity and intraocular biocompatibility of hydroxylated graphene (G-OH) prepared by ball milling. We have previously demonstrated that the as-synthesized G-OH could be considered as an excellent alternative for graphene oxide which had been applied widely. Following our last report on G-OH, we carried out detailed studies on genotoxicity and in vivo biocompatibility of G-OH in this work. Less than 5% enhanced caspase-3 level was observed for cells exposed to more than 50 μg/mL G-OH over 72 h, suggesting G-OH caused cell apoptosis was slight. The G-OH induced DNA damage was also found to be mild since expression of p53 and ROS regeneration level was quite low even at high concentration of G-OH over a long time. Cell viability was found to be higher than 90% with 50 μg/mL G-OH and 80% with 100 μg/mL G-OH using flow cytometry. Comet results suggested that less than 5% tail could be found with 100 μg/mL G-OH. TEM results confirmed that G-OH could penetrate into and out of the cytoplasm by means of endocytosis and exocytosis without causing damage on cell membranes. In vivo biocompatibility of G-OH was studied by intravitreal injection of G-OH into rabbits. The ocular fundus photography results showed that G-OH could be diffused in the vitreous body gradually without any damage caused. Injection of G-OH had caused few damages on eyesight related functions such as intraocular pressure, electroretinogram and histological structures of the retina.
KW - Caspase-3
KW - Comet assay
KW - Electroretinography (ERG)
KW - Flow cytometry
KW - Hydroxyl-functionalized graphene (G-OH)
KW - Intraocular pressure (IOP)
KW - Reactive oxygen species (ROS)
KW - Western blot
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84923260932&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.msec.2015.01.086
DO - 10.1016/j.msec.2015.01.086
M3 - Article
C2 - 25746274
AN - SCOPUS:84923260932
SN - 0928-4931
VL - 50
SP - 300
EP - 308
JO - Materials Science and Engineering C
JF - Materials Science and Engineering C
ER -