Offshore wind licensing trends and observations

This chapter consolidates trends and observations in offshore wind licensing based on the book’s contributions. The rapid technological development of offshore wind has been met with regulatory responses, leading to a significant increase in global installed capacity and the development of licensing systems. Licensing plays a pivotal role as it authorizes the development of projects. While its use is widespread, there are also national and regional particularities to consider. Moreover, licensing serves as an instrument for striking a balance between different concerns and interests, including environmental considerations, operating conditions, accommodating other sea users, state support, and determining the cost of energy. Licensing considerations should not remain static. For offshore wind to play a substantial role in the energy transition, aspects such as optimizing processes and allocating sea areas more effectively, planning for decommissioning of projects, and exploring sector coupling possibilities must be further explored.