Pattern of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid intake & fish consumption & retinal vascular caliber in children & adolescents: a cohort study

Bamini Gopinath; Hanieh Moshtaghian; Victoria M. Flood; Jimmy C. Y. Louie; Gerald Liew; George Burlutsky; Paul Mitchell

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0172109

Pattern of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid intake & fish consumption & retinal vascular caliber in children & adolescents: a cohort study

Bamini Gopinath^*, Hanieh Moshtaghian, Victoria M. Flood, Jimmy C. Y. Louie, Gerald Liew, George Burlutsky, Paul Mitchell

^*Corresponding author for this work

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Abstract

We aimed to investigate whether fish and long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCn-3 PUFA) consumption changed appreciably during adolescence. We also assessed whether these dietary variables are associated with retinal microvascular signs (possible markers of future cardiovascular disease risk). 633 children had dietary data at ages 12 and 17. Fish and LCn-3 PUFA [eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)] intake was assessed by a food frequency questionnaire. Retinal vessel caliber was quantified from digital photographs using computer software. Mean energy-Adjusted intakes (mg/day) of total LCn-3 PUFA, EPA, and DHA at age 12 were 297.1 ±261.1; 102.5±106.9; and 129.7±137.7, respectively; and this increased significantly at age 17 to: 347.0±324.0 (p<0.0001); 122.5±132.7 (p = 0.0001); and 160.3±171.4 (p <0.0001), respectively. Increasing quartiles of LCn-3PUFA intake were associated with widening of mean retinal arteriolar caliber among 17-year old girls ∼3.9 μm (multivariable-Adjusted Ptrend = 0.001). Girls who consumed ≥2 serves of fish/week versus those who did not had ∼2.1 μm wider retinal arterioles (p = 0.03). No associations were observed among boys or with retinal venules. Mean dietary intakes of LCn-3 PUFA increased during adolescence, but are still below recommended levels of consumption. These results suggest that LCn-3 PUFA and fish intake might have a beneficial influence.

Original language	English
Article number	e0172109
Number of pages	15
Journal	PLoS ONE
Volume	12
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0172109
Publication status	Published - 13 Feb 2017
Externally published	Yes

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Copyright the Author(s) 2017. Version archived for private and non-commercial use with the permission of the author/s and according to publisher conditions. For further rights please contact the publisher.

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title = "Pattern of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid intake & fish consumption & retinal vascular caliber in children & adolescents: a cohort study",

abstract = "We aimed to investigate whether fish and long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCn-3 PUFA) consumption changed appreciably during adolescence. We also assessed whether these dietary variables are associated with retinal microvascular signs (possible markers of future cardiovascular disease risk). 633 children had dietary data at ages 12 and 17. Fish and LCn-3 PUFA [eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)] intake was assessed by a food frequency questionnaire. Retinal vessel caliber was quantified from digital photographs using computer software. Mean energy-Adjusted intakes (mg/day) of total LCn-3 PUFA, EPA, and DHA at age 12 were 297.1 ±261.1; 102.5±106.9; and 129.7±137.7, respectively; and this increased significantly at age 17 to: 347.0±324.0 (p<0.0001); 122.5±132.7 (p = 0.0001); and 160.3±171.4 (p <0.0001), respectively. Increasing quartiles of LCn-3PUFA intake were associated with widening of mean retinal arteriolar caliber among 17-year old girls ∼3.9 μm (multivariable-Adjusted Ptrend = 0.001). Girls who consumed ≥2 serves of fish/week versus those who did not had ∼2.1 μm wider retinal arterioles (p = 0.03). No associations were observed among boys or with retinal venules. Mean dietary intakes of LCn-3 PUFA increased during adolescence, but are still below recommended levels of consumption. These results suggest that LCn-3 PUFA and fish intake might have a beneficial influence.",

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AU - Mitchell, Paul

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Pattern of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid intake & fish consumption & retinal vascular caliber in children & adolescents: a cohort study

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