TY - JOUR
T1 - Patterns and trends of atmospheric mercury in the GMOS network
T2 - insights based on a decade of measurements
AU - Bencardino, Mariantonia
AU - D'Amore, Francesco
AU - Angot, Hélène
AU - Angiuli, Lorenzo
AU - Bertrand, Yann
AU - Cairns, Warren
AU - Diéguez, María C.
AU - Dommergue, Aurélien
AU - Ebinghaus, Ralf
AU - Esposito, Giulio
AU - Komínková, Kateřina
AU - Labuschagne, Casper
AU - Mannarino, Valentino
AU - Martin, Lynwill
AU - Martino, Maria
AU - Neves, Luis Mendes
AU - Mashyanov, Nikolay
AU - Magand, Olivier
AU - Nelson, Peter
AU - Norstrom, Claus
AU - Read, Katie
AU - Sholupov, Sergey
AU - Skov, Henrik
AU - Tassone, Antonella
AU - Vítková, Gabriela
AU - Cinnirella, Sergio
AU - Sprovieri, Francesca
AU - Pirrone, Nicola
N1 - Copyright the Author(s) 2024. Version archived for private and non-commercial use with the permission of the author/s and according to publisher conditions. For further rights please contact the publisher.
PY - 2024/12/15
Y1 - 2024/12/15
N2 - The Global Mercury Observation System (GMOS) network, initially a five-year project (2010–2015) funded by the European Commission, continued as a GEO Flagship program to support the Global Observation System for Mercury (GOS4M). GMOS was envisioned as a coordinated global observing system to monitor atmospheric mercury (Hg) on a global scale, to support and evaluate the effective implementation of the Minamata Convention on Mercury (MCM). Twenty-eight ground-based stations have participated in monitoring activities, following GMOS sampling protocols and related data quality control management. The GMOS network provides representative coverage of all latitudes, from the Northern Hemisphere to the Southern Hemisphere including the Arctic Circle, Antarctica, and the Tropical Zone. This work presents atmospheric Hg data, available as Total Gaseous Mercury (TGM) or Gaseous Elemental Mercury (GEM) concentrations, recorded within the GMOS network from 2011 to 2020. TGM/GEM concentrations were analysed in terms of their variability along latitudinal areas, considering their comparability, temporal trends and patterns. The main results confirmed a clear gradient of TGM/GEM concentrations between the northern (1.58 ± 0.31 ng/m3) and southern (0.97 ± 0.14 ng/m3) hemispheres. Decreasing trends in TGM/GEM levels were found to be strongly significant only for selected remote stations with at least 5 years of data coverage. Seasonality in atmospheric TGM/GEM concentrations was observed to increase with latitude and is greater at inland sites than at coastal sites.
AB - The Global Mercury Observation System (GMOS) network, initially a five-year project (2010–2015) funded by the European Commission, continued as a GEO Flagship program to support the Global Observation System for Mercury (GOS4M). GMOS was envisioned as a coordinated global observing system to monitor atmospheric mercury (Hg) on a global scale, to support and evaluate the effective implementation of the Minamata Convention on Mercury (MCM). Twenty-eight ground-based stations have participated in monitoring activities, following GMOS sampling protocols and related data quality control management. The GMOS network provides representative coverage of all latitudes, from the Northern Hemisphere to the Southern Hemisphere including the Arctic Circle, Antarctica, and the Tropical Zone. This work presents atmospheric Hg data, available as Total Gaseous Mercury (TGM) or Gaseous Elemental Mercury (GEM) concentrations, recorded within the GMOS network from 2011 to 2020. TGM/GEM concentrations were analysed in terms of their variability along latitudinal areas, considering their comparability, temporal trends and patterns. The main results confirmed a clear gradient of TGM/GEM concentrations between the northern (1.58 ± 0.31 ng/m3) and southern (0.97 ± 0.14 ng/m3) hemispheres. Decreasing trends in TGM/GEM levels were found to be strongly significant only for selected remote stations with at least 5 years of data coverage. Seasonality in atmospheric TGM/GEM concentrations was observed to increase with latitude and is greater at inland sites than at coastal sites.
KW - Atmospheric mercury
KW - Global mercury observation system (GMOS)
KW - Hemispheric gradient
KW - Seasonal variability
KW - Temporal trends
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85208234960&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.125104
DO - 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.125104
M3 - Article
C2 - 39477003
AN - SCOPUS:85208234960
SN - 0269-7491
VL - 363
SP - 1
EP - 15
JO - Environmental Pollution
JF - Environmental Pollution
IS - Pt 2
M1 - 125104
ER -