Plasmonic nanostars: unique properties that distinguish them from spherical nanoparticles from a biosensing perspective

Over the past three decades, plasmonic nanostructures, particularly spherical ones, have seen remarkable advancements. Recently, attention has shifted toward anisotropic nanoparticles, especially star-shaped/branched structures such as plasmonic nanostars (PNS), due to their distinct properties. PNS offers superior electromagnetic enhancement effects, larger surface areas, and as well as non-linear and unusual photothermal properties, setting them apart from spherical counterparts. Despite significant progress in synthetic methods and characterization of the particles, challenges remain in transitioning PNS technology into practical use. In this perspective article, the distinctive attributes of PNS in biosensing applications are discussed, beginning with an exploration of synthesis methodologies. Their optoelectronic properties are examined and discussed how these properties influence their interaction with different molecules from a biosensing perspective. With a focus on PNS, detailed insights are offered into their unique properties, current applications, and future potential. By fostering discussion and understanding of PNS development, this article aims to facilitate the translation of PNS technology into practical applications, encouraging targeted improvements and advancements.