Prevalence of influenza and other acute respiratory illnesses in patients with acute myocardial infarction in Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study

Mohammad Abdul Aleem*, Abrar Ahmad Chughtai, Bayzid Rahman, Zubair Akhtar, Fahmida Chowdhury, Firdausi Qadri, C. Raina Macintyre

*Corresponding author for this work

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Abstract

Background and Aims: Several studies imply that influenza and other respiratory illnesses could lead to acute myocardial infarction (AMI), but data from low-income countries are scarce. We investigated the prevalence of recent respiratory illnesses and confirmed influenza in AMI patients, while also exploring their relationship with infarction severity as defined by ST-elevation MI (STEMI) or high troponin levels. Methods: This cross-sectional study, held at a Dhaka tertiary hospital from May 2017 to October 2018, involved AMI inpatients. The study examined self-reported clinical respiratory illnesses (CRI) in the week before AMI onset and confirmed influenza using baseline real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Results: Of 744 patients, 11.3% reported a recent CRI, most prominently during the 2017 influenza season (35.7%). qRT-PCR testing found evidence of influenza in 1.5% of 546 patients, with all positives among STEMI cases. Frequencies of CRI were higher in patients with STEMI and in those with high troponin levels, although these relationships were not statistically significant after adjusting for other variables. The risk of STEMI was significantly greater during influenza seasons in the unadjusted analysis (relative risk: 1.09, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02–1.18), however, this relationship was not significant in the adjusted analysis (adjusted relative risk: 1.03, 95% CI: 0.91–1.16). Conclusion: In Bangladesh, many AMI patients had a recent respiratory illness history, with some showing evidence of influenza. However, these illnesses showed no significant relationship to AMI severity. Further research is needed to understand these relationships better and to investigate the potential benefits of infection control measures and influenza vaccinations in reducing AMI incidence.

Original languageEnglish
Article numbere2234
Pages (from-to)1-13
Number of pages13
JournalHealth Science Reports
Volume7
Issue number7
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Jul 2024
Externally publishedYes

Bibliographical note

Copyright the Author(s) 2024. Version archived for private and non-commercial use with the permission of the author/s and according to publisher conditions. For further rights please contact the publisher.

Keywords

  • acute myocardial infarction
  • acute respiratory illness
  • influenza
  • non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction
  • ST-elevation myocardial infarction

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