PRISM: a framework for determining individual contributions in group assessments

Assessing individual contributions in group-based computing projects remains a persistent challenge, frequently resulting in inequitable outcomes and student dissatisfaction. We argue that fair group assessment cannot be achieved through endpoint peer evaluation alone; it requires a structured, longitudinal approach embedded across the full lifecycle of collaborative work. This position paper presents PRISM, a five-phase framework to enhance accountability and engagement in group assessments. Drawing on the literature on challenges in implementing group assessments, PRISM incorporates five phases: peer contracts to establish expectations, weekly contribution points to track participation, integrated self- and peer-reflection to foster metacognitive awareness, score calibration to ensure equitable individual grading, and multidimensional feedback to guide development. The framework aims to support students’ teamwork and communication skills while providing educators with transparent e vidence of contributions. Importantly, the PRISM framework also offers an optional pathway for integrating GenAI to support reflection and feedback processes, particularly for large cohorts, while maintaining transparency and educator oversight. The study aims to implement and evaluate the PRISM framework in an introductory computing course, examining its effectiveness in fostering equitable participation, constructive collaboration, and practical feasibility for educators.