Psychological factors influencing the affective response to biological challenge procedures in panic disorder

For many years, researchers have noted that certain individuals report an exaggerated response to so-called biological challenge procedures (such as sodium lactate infusions, hyperventilation, carbon dioxide inhalations). To date, much interest has focused on the role of various biochemical variables in the response to such procedures. However, there is growing evidence that the affective response to biological challenge procedures can also be markedly influenced by certain psychological constructs. There is currently evidence to suggest that greater distress will be reported in response to these procedures by patients who associate particular physical symptoms with danger and have low perception of control over symptoms.