Recent advancement of electrocorticography (ECoG) electrodes for chronic neural recording/stimulation

Implantable electrodes for neural signal recording have great potentials to provide various diagnostic options and curing methods in diverse neuroscience and biomedical fields. Electrocorticography (ECoG) electrodes are suitable for recording large-scale neural signals and overcoming rigid electrodes' limitations. There are excellent signs of progress achieved in micro/nanotechnologies and material science to solve many challenges, such as reducing the micromotion, alleviating the invasion, optimizing the shape and size, reducing the infection of the interface location, improving the biocompatibility characteristics, and integrating the sophisticated electronics which help to record neural signals for various applications. Reducing the issues of neural implantation are major research problems in neural engineering. ECoG electrode allows bi-directional communication between the human brain and external electronics. A detailed review of the state-of-the-art ECoG electrodes and their relevant issues, such as electrode configuration and varying material choices, including the idea of neural signal classification and chronic implantation issues, are discussed.