Reduction of hematite pellets with carbonized coal in a static bed

The reduction of pellets immersed in coal char was measured at 900 degree approximately 1200 degree C for times up to 3h. Reduction rates for pellets surrounded by char fell at higher temperatures due to the influence of gas diffusion. Reduction rates were similar for both static bed and rotary kiln conditions at 1000 degree approximately 1150 degree C, and were decreased by internal slag formation above 1075 degree C. Reduction was further inhibited above 1150 degree C by the formation of dense shells of metallic iron around partly-reduced, slag-rich regions.