Retailing in Australia's "Steel City": industrialization, deindustrialization, and shops in Newcastle, New South Wales

Synthesizing demographic data, retail census data, and archival sources, this study demonstrates how retail reflects shifting phases of capitalism as it responds to demographic, cultural, labor market, industry, and macro-economic forces. It examines the relationship between industrialization, deindustrialization, and retailing in Newcastle, New South Wales, an Australian “Steel City.” Early retailing and consumption in Newcastle were inextricably linked to its industrial economy. Manufacturing decline in the city during the 1980s negatively impacted the retail trade, even as the city’s shopping landscape was reconfigured by national retail and retail property firms. Throughout its history, retailing in Newcastle was also conditioned by its relationship with the state’s economic center, Sydney. This study contributes to conversations about the place of small cities in national stories, the localized effects of industrialization and deindustrialization on practices of consumption, and the utility of retail for exploring processes of urban change.