Risk assessment and control of emissions from ironmaking

Processing of raw materials to valuable products results in the formation of undesired compounds due to feedstock impurities and process inefficiencies. During the iron and steelmaking process, iron ore is converted to iron and steel at high temperatures using carbon energy sources. As the iron ore and carbon sources contain minor and trace element impurities and the combustion of carbon is incomplete, certain undesirable compounds may be formed that can be detrimental if emitted to the environment. These emissions can pose significant risks to humans and to the health of the ecosystem. This chapter outlines the various emissions associated with ironmaking, the risks these emissions pose to the environment and the technologies employed to minimise or eradicate the pollutants.