TY - JOUR
T1 - Risk factors for urinary tract infection in children
T2 - A population-based study of 2856 children: A
AU - Sureshkumar, Premala
AU - Jones, Mike
AU - Cumming, Robert G.
AU - Craig, Jonathan C.
PY - 2009/3
Y1 - 2009/3
N2 - Aim: To identify risk factors for urinary tract infection (UTI) in children to inform the development of preventative strategies. Method: A validated questionnaire covering demographic factors, perinatal, developmental, bowel and urinary history was sent to a cross-sectional sample of parents of elementary school children randomly selected from the first 4 years of school. UTI was ascertained by parental report, verified by cross-referencing with microbiological reports for all positive cases and 50 randomly selected negative cases. Results: Parents of 2856 children (mean age 7.3 years, range 4.8-12.8 years) responded. A total of 3.6% of children had a bacteriologically verified UTI, compared with 12.6% by parental report alone. Multivariate polychotomous logistic regression showed that a history of structural kidney abnormalities (odds ratio (OR) 15.7, 95% confidence interval 8.1-30.4), daytime incontinence (OR 2.6, 1.6-4.5), female gender (OR 2.4, 1.5-3.8), and encopresis (OR 1.9, 1.1-3.4) were independently associated with UTI. Daytime incontinence increased risk more in boys (8.3% vs. 1.2%) than girls (8.1% vs. 4.6%), and kidney problems increased risk in older compared with younger children (29% vs. 2% in ≥8 year olds, 0% vs. 4% in 4-6 year olds). Conclusions: Parents over-report UTI by about threefold. Effective treatment of daytime urinary incontinence and encopresis may prevent UTI in children, especially boys.
AB - Aim: To identify risk factors for urinary tract infection (UTI) in children to inform the development of preventative strategies. Method: A validated questionnaire covering demographic factors, perinatal, developmental, bowel and urinary history was sent to a cross-sectional sample of parents of elementary school children randomly selected from the first 4 years of school. UTI was ascertained by parental report, verified by cross-referencing with microbiological reports for all positive cases and 50 randomly selected negative cases. Results: Parents of 2856 children (mean age 7.3 years, range 4.8-12.8 years) responded. A total of 3.6% of children had a bacteriologically verified UTI, compared with 12.6% by parental report alone. Multivariate polychotomous logistic regression showed that a history of structural kidney abnormalities (odds ratio (OR) 15.7, 95% confidence interval 8.1-30.4), daytime incontinence (OR 2.6, 1.6-4.5), female gender (OR 2.4, 1.5-3.8), and encopresis (OR 1.9, 1.1-3.4) were independently associated with UTI. Daytime incontinence increased risk more in boys (8.3% vs. 1.2%) than girls (8.1% vs. 4.6%), and kidney problems increased risk in older compared with younger children (29% vs. 2% in ≥8 year olds, 0% vs. 4% in 4-6 year olds). Conclusions: Parents over-report UTI by about threefold. Effective treatment of daytime urinary incontinence and encopresis may prevent UTI in children, especially boys.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=62549159113&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1111/j.1440-1754.2008.01435.x
DO - 10.1111/j.1440-1754.2008.01435.x
M3 - Article
C2 - 19210605
AN - SCOPUS:62549159113
SN - 1034-4810
VL - 45
SP - 87
EP - 97
JO - Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health
JF - Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health
IS - 3
ER -