TY - JOUR
T1 - Role of NAD+, oxidative stress, and tryptophan metabolism in autism spectrum disorders
AU - Essa, Musthafa Mohamed
AU - Subash, Selvaraju
AU - Braidy, Nady
AU - Al-Adawi, Samir
AU - Lim, Chai K.
AU - Manivasagam, Tamilarasan
AU - Guillemin, Gilles J.
N1 - Copyright the Author(s) 2013. Version archived for private and non-commercial use with the permission of the author/s and according to publisher conditions. For further rights please contact the publisher.
PY - 2013
Y1 - 2013
N2 - Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a pervasive neuro-developmental disorder characterized by impaired social interaction, reduced/absent verbal and non-verbal communication, and repetitive behavior during early childhood. The etiology of this developmental disorder is poorly understood, and no biomarkers have been identified. Identification of novel biochemical markers related to autism would be advantageous for earlier clinical diagnosis and intervention. Studies suggest that oxidative stress-induced mechanisms and reduced antioxidant defense, mitochondrial dysfunction, and impaired energy metabolism (NAD+, NADH, ATP, pyruvate, and lactate), are major causes of ASD. This review provides renewed insight regarding current autism research related to oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and altered tryptophan metabolism in ASD.
AB - Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a pervasive neuro-developmental disorder characterized by impaired social interaction, reduced/absent verbal and non-verbal communication, and repetitive behavior during early childhood. The etiology of this developmental disorder is poorly understood, and no biomarkers have been identified. Identification of novel biochemical markers related to autism would be advantageous for earlier clinical diagnosis and intervention. Studies suggest that oxidative stress-induced mechanisms and reduced antioxidant defense, mitochondrial dysfunction, and impaired energy metabolism (NAD+, NADH, ATP, pyruvate, and lactate), are major causes of ASD. This review provides renewed insight regarding current autism research related to oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and altered tryptophan metabolism in ASD.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84882700404&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.4137/IJTR.S11355
DO - 10.4137/IJTR.S11355
M3 - Article
C2 - 23922500
AN - SCOPUS:84882700404
SN - 1178-6469
VL - 6
SP - 15
EP - 28
JO - International Journal of Tryptophan Research
JF - International Journal of Tryptophan Research
IS - SUPPL.1
ER -