Schatten–Lorentz characterization of Riesz transform commutator associated with Bessel operators

Let Δ_λ be the Bessel operator on the upper half space Rⁿ⁺¹₊ with n ≥ 0 and λ > 0, and R_λ,j be the j-th Bessel Riesz transform, j = 1, . . . , n + 1. We demonstrate that the Schatten–Lorentz norm (S^p,q , 1 < p < ∞, 1 ≤ q ≤ ∞) of the commutator [b, R_λ,j ] can be characterized in terms of the oscillation space norm of the symbol b. In particular, for the case p = q, the Schatten norm of [b, Rλ,j ] can be further characterized in terms of the Besov norm of the symbol. Moreover, the critical index is also studied, which is p = n+1, the lower dimension of the Bessel measure (but not the upper dimension). Our approach relies on martingale and dyadic analysis, which enables us to bypass the use of Fourier analysis effectively.