Several geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase isoforms supply metabolic substrates for carotenoid biosynthesis in tomato

M. Victoria Barja, Miguel Ezquerro, Stefano Beretta, Gianfranco Diretto, Igor Florez-Sarasa, Elisenda Feixes, Alessia Fiore, Rumyana Karlova, Alisdair R. Fernie, Jules Beekwilder, Manuel Rodríguez-Concepción*

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

52 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

• Geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) produced by GGPP synthase (GGPPS) serves as a precursor for many plastidial isoprenoids, including carotenoids. Phytoene synthase (PSY) converts GGPP into phytoene, the first committed intermediate of the carotenoid pathway. 

• Here we used biochemical, molecular, and genetic tools to characterise the plastidial members of the GGPPS family in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and their interaction with PSY isoforms. 

• The three tomato GGPPS isoforms found to localise in plastids (SlG1, 2 and 3) exhibit similar kinetic parameters. Gene expression analyses showed a preferential association of individual GGPPS and PSY isoforms when carotenoid biosynthesis was induced during root mycorrhization, seedling de-etiolation and fruit ripening. SlG2, but not SlG3, physically interacts with PSY proteins. By contrast, CRISPR-Cas9 mutants defective in SlG3 showed a stronger impact on carotenoid levels and derived metabolic, physiological and developmental phenotypes compared with those impaired in SlG2. Double mutants defective in both genes could not be rescued. 

• Our work demonstrates that the bulk of GGPP production in tomato chloroplasts and chromoplasts relies on two cooperating GGPPS paralogues, unlike other plant species such as Arabidopsis thaliana, rice or pepper, which produce their essential plastidial isoprenoids using a single GGPPS isoform.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)255-272
Number of pages18
JournalNew Phytologist
Volume231
Issue number1
Early online date25 Mar 2021
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Jul 2021
Externally publishedYes

Keywords

  • carotenoids
  • geranylgeranyl diphosphate
  • prenyltransferase
  • ripening
  • synthase
  • tomato

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