Sex-linked differences in learning to improve foraging techniques in the group-living kleptoparasitic spider Argyrodes antipodianus (Theridiidae)

Abstract: In small invertebrates with limited cognitive facilities, learning is restricted. Given these constraints, factors encouraging the development of learning in vertebrates may be relevant to invertebrates. Increased social complexity, where living in groups can result in more complex intrasexual interactions, could lead to increased cognitive abilities elsewhere, such as foraging behaviour. This study looks at the effect of training on the ability of Argyrodes antipodianus to perform common (kleptoparasitic) and uncommon (capturing spiderlings) foraging behaviours. Females did not improve the common foraging behaviour with training, but did improve the uncommon behaviour; while males improved both (but compared to females may use a different learning strategy to improve the uncommon behaviour). Males and possibly females solved kleptoparasitic problems to better exploit their hosts. Males appeared better than females at modifying their foraging techniques, which could be linked to more complex intrasexual interactions by males caused by living in mixed-sex groups.