Smart sociotechnical CIM systems. Beyond island solutions and turnkey philosophies

The guiding agenda of international programs promoting intelligent manufacturing systems (IMS) has been the creation of advanced machines with artificial intelligence capable of coping with the complex and changing conditions that threaten to disrupt the increasingly 'automatic' factory. This article argues that this needs to be broadened to incorporate the development of integrated sociotechnical production systems that effectively combine human and technical resources in creating 'smart' systems capable of adapting technologies to firm specific conditions, utilizing data bases, customizing software rules and procedures, and ensuring the ongoing development of the sociotechnical system. This requires greater attention to the human resources and organizational requirements of interdisciplinary system design and implementation. In making this argument, the article draws upon recent Australian case study experiences in the implementation and customization of integrated CAD/CAM systems and European research into human-centered CIM design.