Social network tools for older adults: a systematic review

Background: Social network size and composition are associated with better physical and mental health outcomes. Older adults residing in the community and accessing aged care have limited social networks which can impact negatively on their health and wellbeing. Although measuring social networks has become conventional amongst researchers across disciplines, it remains unclear how social networks are measured, and which tool is most suitable. Objective: We aimed to identify, via a systematic review, a comprehensive list of social network measures used specifically for older adults and the dimensions covered by those measures. Method: To identify social network measures, a systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycInfo and Cochrane Library databases was undertaken. Domains within these measures were then categorised into quantitative, qualitative and alter domains. Results: A total of 229 studies and 21 social network measures were included. We identified a total of 23 domains; 11 for quantitative (e.g. size, frequency), 5 for qualitative (e.g. support satisfaction, emotional bond) and 7 targeting members (e.g., family, neighbours) dimensions. Common features of most measures were network size (n=19), availability of a support network (n=14) and existing family connections (n=21). Conclusion: This review provides a summary of instruments, their common features, and dimensions for measuring older adult social networks. This allows researchers to improve their study design by selecting instruments most appropriate to their objectives and may also present future opportunities for aged care providers to easily discern a psychometrically valid and reliable tool to monitor social connections over time.