Source code watermarking based on function dependency oriented sequencing

Gaurav Gupta; Josef Pieprzyk

doi:10.1109/IIH-MSP.2008.188

Source code watermarking based on function dependency oriented sequencing

Gaurav Gupta^*, Josef Pieprzyk

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference proceeding contribution › peer-review

8 Citations (Scopus)

95 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

In the current market, extensive software development is taking place and the software industry is thriving. Major software giants have stated source code theft as a major threat to revenues. By inserting an identity-establishing watermark in the source code, a company can prove it's ownership over the source code. In this paper, we propose a watermarking scheme for C/C++ source codes by exploiting the language restrictions. If a function calls another function, the latter needs to be defined in the code before the former, unless one uses function pre-declarations. We embed the watermark in the code by imposing an ordering on the mutually independent functions by introducing bogus dependency. Removal of dependency by the attacker to erase the watermark requires extensive manual intervention thereby making the attack infeasible. The scheme is also secure against subtractive and additive attacks. Using our watermarking scheme, an n-bit watermark can be embedded in a program having n independent functions. The scheme is implemented on several sample codes and performance changes are analyzed.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	Proceedings
Subtitle of host publication	2008 Fourth International Conference on Intelligent Information Hiding and Multimedia Signal Processing, IIH-MSP 2008
Editors	Jeng-Shyang Pan, Xia-Mu Niu, Hsiang-Cheh Huang, Lakhmi C. Jain
Place of Publication	Piscataway, NJ
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Pages	965-968
Number of pages	4
ISBN (Print)	9780769532783
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/IIH-MSP.2008.188
Publication status	Published - 2008
Event	2008 4th International Conference on Intelligent Information Hiding and Multiedia Signal Processing, IIH-MSP 2008 - Harbin, China Duration: 15 Aug 2008 → 17 Aug 2008

Other

Other	2008 4th International Conference on Intelligent Information Hiding and Multiedia Signal Processing, IIH-MSP 2008
Country/Territory	China
City	Harbin
Period	15/08/08 → 17/08/08

Bibliographical note

Copyright 2008 IEEE. Reprinted from IIH-MSP 2008 : 2008 Fourth International Conference on Intelligent Information Hiding and Multimedia Signal Processing : 15-17 August 2008, Harbin, China. This material is posted here with permission of the IEEE. Such permission of the IEEE does not in any way imply IEEE endorsement of any of Macquarie Universityâ€™s products or services. Internal or personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution must be obtained from the IEEE by writing to [email protected]. By choosing to view this document, you agree to all provisions of the copyright laws protecting it.

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10.1109/IIH-MSP.2008.188

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Cite this

Gupta, G., & Pieprzyk, J. (2008). Source code watermarking based on function dependency oriented sequencing. In J.-S. Pan, X.-M. Niu, H.-C. Huang, & L. C. Jain (Eds.), Proceedings: 2008 Fourth International Conference on Intelligent Information Hiding and Multimedia Signal Processing, IIH-MSP 2008 (pp. 965-968). Article 4604210 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). https://doi.org/10.1109/IIH-MSP.2008.188

Gupta, Gaurav ; Pieprzyk, Josef. / Source code watermarking based on function dependency oriented sequencing. Proceedings: 2008 Fourth International Conference on Intelligent Information Hiding and Multimedia Signal Processing, IIH-MSP 2008. editor / Jeng-Shyang Pan ; Xia-Mu Niu ; Hsiang-Cheh Huang ; Lakhmi C. Jain. Piscataway, NJ : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2008. pp. 965-968

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Gupta, G & Pieprzyk, J 2008, Source code watermarking based on function dependency oriented sequencing. in J-S Pan, X-M Niu, H-C Huang & LC Jain (eds), Proceedings: 2008 Fourth International Conference on Intelligent Information Hiding and Multimedia Signal Processing, IIH-MSP 2008., 4604210, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), Piscataway, NJ, pp. 965-968, 2008 4th International Conference on Intelligent Information Hiding and Multiedia Signal Processing, IIH-MSP 2008, Harbin, China, 15/08/08. https://doi.org/10.1109/IIH-MSP.2008.188

Source code watermarking based on function dependency oriented sequencing. / Gupta, Gaurav ; Pieprzyk, Josef.
Proceedings: 2008 Fourth International Conference on Intelligent Information Hiding and Multimedia Signal Processing, IIH-MSP 2008. ed. / Jeng-Shyang Pan; Xia-Mu Niu; Hsiang-Cheh Huang; Lakhmi C. Jain. Piscataway, NJ: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2008. p. 965-968 4604210.

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference proceeding contribution › peer-review

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AU - Gupta, Gaurav

AU - Pieprzyk, Josef

N1 - Copyright 2008 IEEE. Reprinted from IIH-MSP 2008 : 2008 Fourth International Conference on Intelligent Information Hiding and Multimedia Signal Processing : 15-17 August 2008, Harbin, China. This material is posted here with permission of the IEEE. Such permission of the IEEE does not in any way imply IEEE endorsement of any of Macquarie Universityâ€™s products or services. Internal or personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution must be obtained from the IEEE by writing to [email protected]. By choosing to view this document, you agree to all provisions of the copyright laws protecting it.

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N2 - In the current market, extensive software development is taking place and the software industry is thriving. Major software giants have stated source code theft as a major threat to revenues. By inserting an identity-establishing watermark in the source code, a company can prove it's ownership over the source code. In this paper, we propose a watermarking scheme for C/C++ source codes by exploiting the language restrictions. If a function calls another function, the latter needs to be defined in the code before the former, unless one uses function pre-declarations. We embed the watermark in the code by imposing an ordering on the mutually independent functions by introducing bogus dependency. Removal of dependency by the attacker to erase the watermark requires extensive manual intervention thereby making the attack infeasible. The scheme is also secure against subtractive and additive attacks. Using our watermarking scheme, an n-bit watermark can be embedded in a program having n independent functions. The scheme is implemented on several sample codes and performance changes are analyzed.

AB - In the current market, extensive software development is taking place and the software industry is thriving. Major software giants have stated source code theft as a major threat to revenues. By inserting an identity-establishing watermark in the source code, a company can prove it's ownership over the source code. In this paper, we propose a watermarking scheme for C/C++ source codes by exploiting the language restrictions. If a function calls another function, the latter needs to be defined in the code before the former, unless one uses function pre-declarations. We embed the watermark in the code by imposing an ordering on the mutually independent functions by introducing bogus dependency. Removal of dependency by the attacker to erase the watermark requires extensive manual intervention thereby making the attack infeasible. The scheme is also secure against subtractive and additive attacks. Using our watermarking scheme, an n-bit watermark can be embedded in a program having n independent functions. The scheme is implemented on several sample codes and performance changes are analyzed.

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SN - 9780769532783

SP - 965

EP - 968

BT - Proceedings

A2 - Pan, Jeng-Shyang

A2 - Niu, Xia-Mu

A2 - Huang, Hsiang-Cheh

A2 - Jain, Lakhmi C.

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ER -

Gupta G , Pieprzyk J. Source code watermarking based on function dependency oriented sequencing. In Pan JS, Niu XM, Huang HC, Jain LC, editors, Proceedings: 2008 Fourth International Conference on Intelligent Information Hiding and Multimedia Signal Processing, IIH-MSP 2008. Piscataway, NJ: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). 2008. p. 965-968. 4604210 doi: 10.1109/IIH-MSP.2008.188

Source code watermarking based on function dependency oriented sequencing

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