TY - JOUR
T1 - Stochastic modelling of electric vehicle behaviour to estimate available energy storage in parking lots
AU - Irshad, Usama Bin
AU - Rafique, Sohaib
AU - Town, Graham
N1 - Version archived for private and non-commercial use with the permission of the author/s and according to publisher conditions. For further rights please contact the publisher.
PY - 2020/12
Y1 - 2020/12
N2 - The increasing penetration of electric vehicles (EVs) brings challenges and opportunities for power systems. One particular opportunity concerns the use of parked EVs to provide energy and associated services to the grid. In this work, the potential energy storage capacity of parking lots (PLs) of EVs is computed using the proposed stochastic model which considers the sporadic nature of the EV' behaviours (i.e. arrival/departure, battery degradation, travel pattern, charge/discharge rates). The analysis was performed for two types of PLs with very different occupancy distributions, i.e. a shopping centre PL, and a workplace PL. In both cases, the available energy storage capacity of EVs was estimated hourly using real household travel data, i-MiEV data and car park occupancy records. The results show that the aggregated energy storage capacity closely follows the occupancy of EVs in the PLs, and is substantial, with little sensitivity to charging rate. The proposed stochastic modelling considered the variations in energy consumption, battery degradation, and user behaviour, predicted 13.4% less peak capacity than deterministic modelling. Moreover, the authors conclude that the shopping centre PL is a viable energy resource to the grid, with their scale and throughput compensating for the relatively low occupancy.
AB - The increasing penetration of electric vehicles (EVs) brings challenges and opportunities for power systems. One particular opportunity concerns the use of parked EVs to provide energy and associated services to the grid. In this work, the potential energy storage capacity of parking lots (PLs) of EVs is computed using the proposed stochastic model which considers the sporadic nature of the EV' behaviours (i.e. arrival/departure, battery degradation, travel pattern, charge/discharge rates). The analysis was performed for two types of PLs with very different occupancy distributions, i.e. a shopping centre PL, and a workplace PL. In both cases, the available energy storage capacity of EVs was estimated hourly using real household travel data, i-MiEV data and car park occupancy records. The results show that the aggregated energy storage capacity closely follows the occupancy of EVs in the PLs, and is substantial, with little sensitivity to charging rate. The proposed stochastic modelling considered the variations in energy consumption, battery degradation, and user behaviour, predicted 13.4% less peak capacity than deterministic modelling. Moreover, the authors conclude that the shopping centre PL is a viable energy resource to the grid, with their scale and throughput compensating for the relatively low occupancy.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85098916279&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1049/iet-stg.2020.0011
DO - 10.1049/iet-stg.2020.0011
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85098916279
SN - 2515-2947
VL - 3
SP - 760
EP - 767
JO - IET Smart Grid
JF - IET Smart Grid
IS - 6
ER -