Abstract
Vanadia/silica particles with a specific surface area up to 330 m 2 g-1 and a V2O5 content up to 50 wt.% or V surface density up to 27.6 V nm-2 were prepared by flame spray pyrolysis. The catalysts were characterized by nitrogen adsorption, X-ray diffraction, temperature-programmed reduction, Raman spectroscopy, and 51V MAS NMR and tested in the oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of propane. Depending on vanadia content, different vanadia species were formed. The as-prepared flame-made catalysts showed dominantly isolated monomeric VOx surface species for V loadings exceeding even the typical "monolayer coverage" (2 V nm-2) of classic wet-impregnated materials. The stability of these VOx species depended on temperature and V surface density. Catalysts with 3.3 V nm-2 were stable up to 500 °C and those with 2 V nm-2 up to 600 °C. Catalysts loaded with 3-25 wt.% V2O5 were tested for the ODH of propane. Catalysts containing ≥15 wt.% V2O5 showed structural rearrangement of the VOx species during the catalytic tests inducing a transition from monomeric to crystalline vanadia. The turnover frequency of flame-made catalysts decreased with increasing vanadia loading, indicating a higher activity of monomeric VOx species compared to crystalline V2O5. The conversion (global activity), however, showed a maximum for the 20 wt.% V2O5/SiO2 (4.6 V nm-2) catalyst. The selectivity to propene depended mainly on propane conversion and only to a lesser extent on the structure of the VOx species. Highest selectivity (55%) was achieved for the low loaded catalysts. With increasing vanadia loading, formation of COx increased and the product ratio of CO2/CO decreased. Highest propene yield was measured for catalysts with relative high V surface density containing both monomeric VOx and crystalline V2O5. Flame spray pyrolysis proved to be a very versatile method for synthesis of V2O 5/SiO2 catalysts with high dispersion of isolated VO x species at high surface density.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 64-75 |
Number of pages | 12 |
Journal | Journal of Catalysis |
Volume | 274 |
Issue number | 1 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 19 Aug 2010 |
Externally published | Yes |
Keywords
- V MAS NMR
- Flame spray pyrolysis
- Oxidative dehydrogenation of propane
- Raman spectroscopy
- V surface density
- VO/SiO