TY - JOUR
T1 - The double deficit hypothesis in the transparent Finnish orthography
T2 - a longitudinal study from kindergarten to Grade 2
AU - Torppa, Minna
AU - Parrila, Rauno
AU - Niemi, Pekka
AU - Lerkkanen, Marja Kristiina
AU - Poikkeus, Anna Maija
AU - Nurmi, Jari Erik
PY - 2013/9
Y1 - 2013/9
N2 - We examined the double deficit hypothesis (Wolf & Bowers, 1999) and literacy development in a longitudinal dataset of 1,006 Finnish children who were nonreaders at school entry. A single phonological awareness (PA) deficit was a predictor of pseudoword spelling accuracy and reading fluency, and a single rapid automatized naming (RAN) deficit was a predictor of reading fluency. The group with both PA and RAN deficits experienced the most extensive reading and spelling difficulties. However, all groups included both poor and average Grade 2 readers and spellers. Poor letter knowledge and vocabulary, task avoidance, attention difficulties, hyperactivity, and lack of teaching at home were additional risk factors for reading and spelling problems, but their impact varied depending on the presence of PA and RAN deficits.
AB - We examined the double deficit hypothesis (Wolf & Bowers, 1999) and literacy development in a longitudinal dataset of 1,006 Finnish children who were nonreaders at school entry. A single phonological awareness (PA) deficit was a predictor of pseudoword spelling accuracy and reading fluency, and a single rapid automatized naming (RAN) deficit was a predictor of reading fluency. The group with both PA and RAN deficits experienced the most extensive reading and spelling difficulties. However, all groups included both poor and average Grade 2 readers and spellers. Poor letter knowledge and vocabulary, task avoidance, attention difficulties, hyperactivity, and lack of teaching at home were additional risk factors for reading and spelling problems, but their impact varied depending on the presence of PA and RAN deficits.
KW - double deficit
KW - phonological awareness
KW - rapid automatized naming
KW - reading development
KW - spelling development
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84881542755&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s11145-012-9423-2
DO - 10.1007/s11145-012-9423-2
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84881542755
SN - 0922-4777
VL - 26
SP - 1353
EP - 1380
JO - Reading and Writing
JF - Reading and Writing
IS - 8
ER -