The HASHTAG project I. A survey of CO(3-2) emission from the star forming disc of M31

Zongnan Li; Zhiyuan Li; Matthew W.L. Smith; Christine D. Wilson; Yu Gao; Stephen A. Eales; Yiping Ao; Martin Bureau; Aeree Chung; Timothy A. Davis; Richard De Grijs; David J. Eden; Jinhua He; Tom M. Hughes; Xuejian Jiang; Francisca Kemper; Isabella Lamperti; Bumhyun Lee; Chien-Hsiu Lee; Michał J. Michalowski; Harriet Parsons; Sarah Ragan; Peter Scicluna; Yong Shi; Xindi Tang; Neven Tomičić; Sebastien Viaene; Thomas G. Williams; Ming Zhu

doi:10.1093/mnras/stz3409

The HASHTAG project I. A survey of CO(3-2) emission from the star forming disc of M31

Zongnan Li^*, Zhiyuan Li, Matthew W.L. Smith, Christine D. Wilson, Yu Gao, Stephen A. Eales, Yiping Ao, Martin Bureau, Aeree Chung, Timothy A. Davis, Richard De Grijs, David J. Eden, Jinhua He, Tom M. Hughes, Xuejian Jiang, Francisca Kemper, Isabella Lamperti, Bumhyun Lee, Chien-Hsiu Lee, Michał J. MichalowskiHarriet Parsons, Sarah Ragan, Peter Scicluna, Yong Shi, Xindi Tang, Neven Tomičić, Sebastien Viaene, Thomas G. Williams, Ming Zhu

^*Corresponding author for this work

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Abstract

We present a CO(3-2) survey of selected regions in the M31 disc as part of the JCMT large programme, HARP and SCUBA-2 High-Resolution Terahertz Andromeda Galaxy Survey (HASHTAG). The 12 CO(3-2) fields in this survey cover a total area of 60 arcmin², spanning a deprojected radial range of 2-14 kpc across the M31 disc. Combining these observations with existing IRAM 30m CO(1-0) observations and JCMT CO(3-2) maps of the nuclear region of M31, as well as dust temperature and star formation rate surface density maps, we are able to explore the radial distribution of the CO(3-2)/CO(1-0) integrated intensity ratio (R₃₁) and its relationship with dust temperature and star formation. We find that the value of R₃₁ between 2 and 9 kpc galactocentric radius is 0.14, significantly lower than what is seen in the nuclear ring at 1 kpc (R₃₁ ~ 0.8), only to rise again to 0.27 for the fields centred on the 10 kpc star forming ring.We also found that R31 is positively correlated with dust temperature, with Spearman's rank correlation coefficient ρ = 0.55. The correlation between star formation rate surface density and CO(3-2) intensity is much stronger than with CO(1-0), with ρ =0.54 compared to -0.05, suggesting that the CO(3-2) line traces warmer and denser star forming gas better. We also find that R₃₁ correlates well with star formation rate surface density, with ρ = 0.69.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	195-209
Number of pages	15
Journal	Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Volume	492
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz3409
Publication status	Published - 1 Feb 2020

Bibliographical note

This article has been accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 492, Issue 1, February 2020, Pages 195–209, https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz3409. Copyright 2019 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.

Keywords

Galaxies: individual (M 31)
Galaxies: ISM
ISM: molecules

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10.1093/mnras/stz3409

Publisher version (open access)Final published version, 2.56 MBLicence: Other

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Li, Z., Li, Z., Smith, M. W. L., Wilson, C. D., Gao, Y., Eales, S. A., Ao, Y., Bureau, M., Chung, A., Davis, T. A., De Grijs, R., Eden, D. J., He, J., Hughes, T. M., Jiang, X., Kemper, F., Lamperti, I., Lee, B., Lee, C-H., ... Zhu, M. (2020). The HASHTAG project I. A survey of CO(3-2) emission from the star forming disc of M31. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 492(1), 195-209. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz3409

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title = "The HASHTAG project I. A survey of CO(3-2) emission from the star forming disc of M31",

abstract = "We present a CO(3-2) survey of selected regions in the M31 disc as part of the JCMT large programme, HARP and SCUBA-2 High-Resolution Terahertz Andromeda Galaxy Survey (HASHTAG). The 12 CO(3-2) fields in this survey cover a total area of 60 arcmin2, spanning a deprojected radial range of 2-14 kpc across the M31 disc. Combining these observations with existing IRAM 30m CO(1-0) observations and JCMT CO(3-2) maps of the nuclear region of M31, as well as dust temperature and star formation rate surface density maps, we are able to explore the radial distribution of the CO(3-2)/CO(1-0) integrated intensity ratio (R31) and its relationship with dust temperature and star formation. We find that the value of R31 between 2 and 9 kpc galactocentric radius is 0.14, significantly lower than what is seen in the nuclear ring at 1 kpc (R31 ~ 0.8), only to rise again to 0.27 for the fields centred on the 10 kpc star forming ring.We also found that R31 is positively correlated with dust temperature, with Spearman's rank correlation coefficient ρ = 0.55. The correlation between star formation rate surface density and CO(3-2) intensity is much stronger than with CO(1-0), with ρ =0.54 compared to -0.05, suggesting that the CO(3-2) line traces warmer and denser star forming gas better. We also find that R31 correlates well with star formation rate surface density, with ρ = 0.69.",

keywords = "Galaxies: individual (M 31), Galaxies: ISM, ISM: molecules",

author = "Zongnan Li and Zhiyuan Li and Smith, {Matthew W.L.} and Wilson, {Christine D.} and Yu Gao and Eales, {Stephen A.} and Yiping Ao and Martin Bureau and Aeree Chung and Davis, {Timothy A.} and {De Grijs}, Richard and Eden, {David J.} and Jinhua He and Hughes, {Tom M.} and Xuejian Jiang and Francisca Kemper and Isabella Lamperti and Bumhyun Lee and Chien-Hsiu Lee and Michalowski, {Micha{\l} J.} and Harriet Parsons and Sarah Ragan and Peter Scicluna and Yong Shi and Xindi Tang and Neven Tomi{\v c}i{\'c} and Sebastien Viaene and Williams, {Thomas G.} and Ming Zhu",

note = "This article has been accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 492, Issue 1, February 2020, Pages 195–209, https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz3409. Copyright 2019 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.",

year = "2020",

month = feb,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1093/mnras/stz3409",

language = "English",

volume = "492",

pages = "195--209",

journal = "Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society",

issn = "0035-8711",

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Li, Z, Li, Z, Smith, MWL, Wilson, CD, Gao, Y, Eales, SA, Ao, Y, Bureau, M, Chung, A, Davis, TA, De Grijs, R, Eden, DJ, He, J, Hughes, TM, Jiang, X, Kemper, F, Lamperti, I, Lee, B, Lee, C-H, Michalowski, MJ, Parsons, H, Ragan, S, Scicluna, P, Shi, Y, Tang, X, Tomičić, N, Viaene, S, Williams, TG & Zhu, M 2020, 'The HASHTAG project I. A survey of CO(3-2) emission from the star forming disc of M31', Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 492, no. 1, pp. 195-209. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz3409

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T1 - The HASHTAG project I. A survey of CO(3-2) emission from the star forming disc of M31

AU - Li, Zongnan

AU - Li, Zhiyuan

AU - Smith, Matthew W.L.

AU - Wilson, Christine D.

AU - Gao, Yu

AU - Eales, Stephen A.

AU - Ao, Yiping

AU - Bureau, Martin

AU - Chung, Aeree

AU - Davis, Timothy A.

AU - De Grijs, Richard

AU - Eden, David J.

AU - He, Jinhua

AU - Hughes, Tom M.

AU - Jiang, Xuejian

AU - Kemper, Francisca

AU - Lamperti, Isabella

AU - Lee, Bumhyun

AU - Lee, Chien-Hsiu

AU - Michalowski, Michał J.

AU - Parsons, Harriet

AU - Ragan, Sarah

AU - Scicluna, Peter

AU - Shi, Yong

AU - Tang, Xindi

AU - Tomičić, Neven

AU - Viaene, Sebastien

AU - Williams, Thomas G.

AU - Zhu, Ming

N1 - This article has been accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 492, Issue 1, February 2020, Pages 195–209, https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz3409. Copyright 2019 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.

PY - 2020/2/1

Y1 - 2020/2/1

N2 - We present a CO(3-2) survey of selected regions in the M31 disc as part of the JCMT large programme, HARP and SCUBA-2 High-Resolution Terahertz Andromeda Galaxy Survey (HASHTAG). The 12 CO(3-2) fields in this survey cover a total area of 60 arcmin2, spanning a deprojected radial range of 2-14 kpc across the M31 disc. Combining these observations with existing IRAM 30m CO(1-0) observations and JCMT CO(3-2) maps of the nuclear region of M31, as well as dust temperature and star formation rate surface density maps, we are able to explore the radial distribution of the CO(3-2)/CO(1-0) integrated intensity ratio (R31) and its relationship with dust temperature and star formation. We find that the value of R31 between 2 and 9 kpc galactocentric radius is 0.14, significantly lower than what is seen in the nuclear ring at 1 kpc (R31 ~ 0.8), only to rise again to 0.27 for the fields centred on the 10 kpc star forming ring.We also found that R31 is positively correlated with dust temperature, with Spearman's rank correlation coefficient ρ = 0.55. The correlation between star formation rate surface density and CO(3-2) intensity is much stronger than with CO(1-0), with ρ =0.54 compared to -0.05, suggesting that the CO(3-2) line traces warmer and denser star forming gas better. We also find that R31 correlates well with star formation rate surface density, with ρ = 0.69.

AB - We present a CO(3-2) survey of selected regions in the M31 disc as part of the JCMT large programme, HARP and SCUBA-2 High-Resolution Terahertz Andromeda Galaxy Survey (HASHTAG). The 12 CO(3-2) fields in this survey cover a total area of 60 arcmin2, spanning a deprojected radial range of 2-14 kpc across the M31 disc. Combining these observations with existing IRAM 30m CO(1-0) observations and JCMT CO(3-2) maps of the nuclear region of M31, as well as dust temperature and star formation rate surface density maps, we are able to explore the radial distribution of the CO(3-2)/CO(1-0) integrated intensity ratio (R31) and its relationship with dust temperature and star formation. We find that the value of R31 between 2 and 9 kpc galactocentric radius is 0.14, significantly lower than what is seen in the nuclear ring at 1 kpc (R31 ~ 0.8), only to rise again to 0.27 for the fields centred on the 10 kpc star forming ring.We also found that R31 is positively correlated with dust temperature, with Spearman's rank correlation coefficient ρ = 0.55. The correlation between star formation rate surface density and CO(3-2) intensity is much stronger than with CO(1-0), with ρ =0.54 compared to -0.05, suggesting that the CO(3-2) line traces warmer and denser star forming gas better. We also find that R31 correlates well with star formation rate surface density, with ρ = 0.69.

KW - Galaxies: individual (M 31)

KW - Galaxies: ISM

KW - ISM: molecules

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U2 - 10.1093/mnras/stz3409

DO - 10.1093/mnras/stz3409

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85079440923

SN - 0035-8711

VL - 492

SP - 195

EP - 209

JO - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

JF - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

IS - 1

ER -

The HASHTAG project I. A survey of CO(3-2) emission from the star forming disc of M31

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Keywords

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