The H2O Southern Galactic Plane Survey (HOPS) - I. Techniques and H2O maser data

A. J. Walsh; S. L. Breen; T. Britton; K. J. Brooks; M. G. Burton; M. R. Cunningham; J. A. Green; L. Harvey-Smith; L. Hindson; M. G. Hoare; B. Indermuehle; P. A. Jones; N. Lo; S. N. Longmore; V. Lowe; C. J. Phillips; C. R. Purcell; M. A. Thompson; J. S. Urquhart; M. A. Voronkov; G. L. White; M. T. Whiting

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.19115.x

The H₂O Southern Galactic Plane Survey (HOPS) - I. Techniques and H₂O maser data

A. J. Walsh^*, S. L. Breen, T. Britton, K. J. Brooks, M. G. Burton, M. R. Cunningham, J. A. Green, L. Harvey-Smith, L. Hindson, M. G. Hoare, B. Indermuehle, P. A. Jones, N. Lo, S. N. Longmore, V. Lowe, C. J. Phillips, C. R. Purcell, M. A. Thompson, J. S. Urquhart, M. A. VoronkovG. L. White, M. T. Whiting

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

166 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

We present first results of the H₂O Southern Galactic Plane Survey (HOPS), using the Mopra Radio Telescope with a broad-band backend and a beam size of about 2 arcmin. We have observed 100 deg² of the southern Galactic plane at 12mm (19.5-27.5GHz), including spectral line emission from H₂O masers, multiple metastable transitions of ammonia, cyanoacetylene, methanol and radio recombination lines. In this paper, we report on the characteristics of the survey and H₂O maser emission. We find 540 H₂O masers, of which 334 are new detections. The strongest maser is 3933Jy and the weakest is 0.7Jy, with 62 masers over 100Jy. In 14 maser sites, the spread in the velocity of the H₂O maser emission exceeds 100kms^-1. In one region, the H₂O maser velocities are separated by 351.3kms^-1. The rms noise levels are typically between 1 and 2Jy, with 95 per cent of the survey under 2Jy. We estimate completeness limits of 98 per cent at around 8.4Jy and 50 per cent at around 5.5Jy. We estimate that there are between 800 and 1500 H₂O masers in the Galaxy that are detectable in a survey with similar completeness limits to HOPS. We report possible masers in NH₃ (11,9) and (8,6) emission towards G19.61-0.23 and in the NH₃ (3,3) line towards G23.33-0.30.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	1764-1821
Number of pages	58
Journal	Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Volume	416
Issue number	3
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.19115.x
Publication status	Published - Sept 2011
Externally published	Yes

Keywords

Galaxy: structure
ISM: molecules
Masers
Radio lines: ISM
Stars: formation
Surveys

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10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.19115.x

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Walsh, A. J., Breen, S. L., Britton, T., Brooks, K. J., Burton, M. G., Cunningham, M. R., Green, J. A., Harvey-Smith, L., Hindson, L., Hoare, M. G., Indermuehle, B., Jones, P. A., Lo, N., Longmore, S. N., Lowe, V., Phillips, C. J., Purcell, C. R., Thompson, M. A., Urquhart, J. S., ... Whiting, M. T. (2011). The H₂O Southern Galactic Plane Survey (HOPS) - I. Techniques and H₂O maser data. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 416(3), 1764-1821. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.19115.x

@article{7476e17cec9e4697b2f978b0c21eaec5,

title = "The H2O Southern Galactic Plane Survey (HOPS) - I. Techniques and H2O maser data",

abstract = "We present first results of the H2O Southern Galactic Plane Survey (HOPS), using the Mopra Radio Telescope with a broad-band backend and a beam size of about 2 arcmin. We have observed 100 deg2 of the southern Galactic plane at 12mm (19.5-27.5GHz), including spectral line emission from H2O masers, multiple metastable transitions of ammonia, cyanoacetylene, methanol and radio recombination lines. In this paper, we report on the characteristics of the survey and H2O maser emission. We find 540 H2O masers, of which 334 are new detections. The strongest maser is 3933Jy and the weakest is 0.7Jy, with 62 masers over 100Jy. In 14 maser sites, the spread in the velocity of the H2O maser emission exceeds 100kms-1. In one region, the H2O maser velocities are separated by 351.3kms-1. The rms noise levels are typically between 1 and 2Jy, with 95 per cent of the survey under 2Jy. We estimate completeness limits of 98 per cent at around 8.4Jy and 50 per cent at around 5.5Jy. We estimate that there are between 800 and 1500 H2O masers in the Galaxy that are detectable in a survey with similar completeness limits to HOPS. We report possible masers in NH3 (11,9) and (8,6) emission towards G19.61-0.23 and in the NH3 (3,3) line towards G23.33-0.30.",

keywords = "Galaxy: structure, ISM: molecules, Masers, Radio lines: ISM, Stars: formation, Surveys",

author = "Walsh, {A. J.} and Breen, {S. L.} and T. Britton and Brooks, {K. J.} and Burton, {M. G.} and Cunningham, {M. R.} and Green, {J. A.} and L. Harvey-Smith and L. Hindson and Hoare, {M. G.} and B. Indermuehle and Jones, {P. A.} and N. Lo and Longmore, {S. N.} and V. Lowe and Phillips, {C. J.} and Purcell, {C. R.} and Thompson, {M. A.} and Urquhart, {J. S.} and Voronkov, {M. A.} and White, {G. L.} and Whiting, {M. T.}",

year = "2011",

month = sep,

doi = "10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.19115.x",

language = "English",

volume = "416",

pages = "1764--1821",

journal = "Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society",

issn = "0035-8711",

publisher = "Oxford University Press",

number = "3",

}

Walsh, AJ, Breen, SL, Britton, T, Brooks, KJ, Burton, MG, Cunningham, MR, Green, JA, Harvey-Smith, L, Hindson, L, Hoare, MG, Indermuehle, B, Jones, PA, Lo, N, Longmore, SN, Lowe, V, Phillips, CJ, Purcell, CR, Thompson, MA, Urquhart, JS, Voronkov, MA, White, GL & Whiting, MT 2011, 'The H₂O Southern Galactic Plane Survey (HOPS) - I. Techniques and H₂O maser data', Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 416, no. 3, pp. 1764-1821. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.19115.x

TY - JOUR

T1 - The H2O Southern Galactic Plane Survey (HOPS) - I. Techniques and H2O maser data

AU - Walsh, A. J.

AU - Breen, S. L.

AU - Britton, T.

AU - Brooks, K. J.

AU - Burton, M. G.

AU - Cunningham, M. R.

AU - Green, J. A.

AU - Harvey-Smith, L.

AU - Hindson, L.

AU - Hoare, M. G.

AU - Indermuehle, B.

AU - Jones, P. A.

AU - Lo, N.

AU - Longmore, S. N.

AU - Lowe, V.

AU - Phillips, C. J.

AU - Purcell, C. R.

AU - Thompson, M. A.

AU - Urquhart, J. S.

AU - Voronkov, M. A.

AU - White, G. L.

AU - Whiting, M. T.

PY - 2011/9

Y1 - 2011/9

N2 - We present first results of the H2O Southern Galactic Plane Survey (HOPS), using the Mopra Radio Telescope with a broad-band backend and a beam size of about 2 arcmin. We have observed 100 deg2 of the southern Galactic plane at 12mm (19.5-27.5GHz), including spectral line emission from H2O masers, multiple metastable transitions of ammonia, cyanoacetylene, methanol and radio recombination lines. In this paper, we report on the characteristics of the survey and H2O maser emission. We find 540 H2O masers, of which 334 are new detections. The strongest maser is 3933Jy and the weakest is 0.7Jy, with 62 masers over 100Jy. In 14 maser sites, the spread in the velocity of the H2O maser emission exceeds 100kms-1. In one region, the H2O maser velocities are separated by 351.3kms-1. The rms noise levels are typically between 1 and 2Jy, with 95 per cent of the survey under 2Jy. We estimate completeness limits of 98 per cent at around 8.4Jy and 50 per cent at around 5.5Jy. We estimate that there are between 800 and 1500 H2O masers in the Galaxy that are detectable in a survey with similar completeness limits to HOPS. We report possible masers in NH3 (11,9) and (8,6) emission towards G19.61-0.23 and in the NH3 (3,3) line towards G23.33-0.30.

AB - We present first results of the H2O Southern Galactic Plane Survey (HOPS), using the Mopra Radio Telescope with a broad-band backend and a beam size of about 2 arcmin. We have observed 100 deg2 of the southern Galactic plane at 12mm (19.5-27.5GHz), including spectral line emission from H2O masers, multiple metastable transitions of ammonia, cyanoacetylene, methanol and radio recombination lines. In this paper, we report on the characteristics of the survey and H2O maser emission. We find 540 H2O masers, of which 334 are new detections. The strongest maser is 3933Jy and the weakest is 0.7Jy, with 62 masers over 100Jy. In 14 maser sites, the spread in the velocity of the H2O maser emission exceeds 100kms-1. In one region, the H2O maser velocities are separated by 351.3kms-1. The rms noise levels are typically between 1 and 2Jy, with 95 per cent of the survey under 2Jy. We estimate completeness limits of 98 per cent at around 8.4Jy and 50 per cent at around 5.5Jy. We estimate that there are between 800 and 1500 H2O masers in the Galaxy that are detectable in a survey with similar completeness limits to HOPS. We report possible masers in NH3 (11,9) and (8,6) emission towards G19.61-0.23 and in the NH3 (3,3) line towards G23.33-0.30.

KW - Galaxy: structure

KW - ISM: molecules

KW - Masers

KW - Radio lines: ISM

KW - Stars: formation

KW - Surveys

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=80052618359&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.19115.x

DO - 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.19115.x

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:80052618359

SN - 0035-8711

VL - 416

SP - 1764

EP - 1821

JO - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

JF - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

IS - 3

ER -

The H₂O Southern Galactic Plane Survey (HOPS) - I. Techniques and H₂O maser data

Abstract

Keywords

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