The MAGPI Survey: Insights into the Lyα line widths and the size of ionised bubbles at the edge of cosmic reionisation

We present spectroscopic properties of 22 Lyα emitters (LAEs) at z = 5.5 − 6.6 with Lyα luminosity log(L_Lyα [erg s⁻¹]) = 42.4 − 43.5, obtained using VLT/MUSE as part of the Middle Ages Galaxy Properties with Integral Field Spectroscopy (MAGPI) survey. Additionally, we incorporate broad-band photometric data from the Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) Wide layer for 17 LAEs in our sample. The HSC-y band magnitudes show that our LAEs are UV-bright, with rest-frame absolute UV magnitudes −19.74 ≤ M_UV ≤ −23.27. We find that the Lyα line width increases with Lyα luminosity, and this trend becomes more prominent at z > 6 where Lyα lines become significantly broadened (≳ +260 km s⁻¹) at luminosities log(L_Lyα [erg s⁻¹]) > 43. This broadening is consistent with previous studies, suggesting that these sources are located inside larger ionised bubbles. We observe a slightly elevated ionising photon production efficiency estimated for LAEs at z > 6, which indicates that younger galaxies could be producing more ionising photons per UV luminosity. A tentative anti-correlation between ionising photon production efficiency and Lyα rest-frame equivalent width is noticed, which could indicate a time delay between
production and escape of ionising photon primarily due to supernovae activity. Furthermore, we find a positive correlation between radius of ionised regions and Lyα line width, which again suggests that large ionised bubbles are created around these LAEs, which are allowing them to self-shield from the scattering effects of the intergalactic medium (IGM). We also detect two very closely separated LAEs at z = 6.046 (projected spatial distance between the cores is 15.92 kpc). This is the LAE pair with the smallest separation ever discovered in the reionisation epoch. The size of their respective bubbles suggests that they likely sit inside a common large ionised region. Such a closely separated LAE pair increases the size of ionised bubble, potentially allowing a boosted transmission of Lyα through neutral IGM and also supports an accelerated reionisation scenario.