The Parent Trauma Response Questionnaire (PTRQ): development and preliminary validation

Victoria Williamson; Rachel M. Hiller; Richard Meiser-Stedman; Cathy Creswell; Tim Dalgleish; Pasco Fearon; Ben Goodall; Anna McKinnon; Patrick Smith; Isobel Wright; Sarah L. Halligan

doi:10.1080/20008198.2018.1478583

The Parent Trauma Response Questionnaire (PTRQ): development and preliminary validation

Victoria Williamson, Rachel M. Hiller, Richard Meiser-Stedman, Cathy Creswell, Tim Dalgleish, Pasco Fearon, Ben Goodall, Anna McKinnon, Patrick Smith, Isobel Wright, Sarah L. Halligan^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

11 Citations (Scopus)

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Abstract

Background: Following a child's experience of trauma, parental response is thought to play an important role in either facilitating or hindering their psychological adjustment. However, the ability to investigate the role of parenting responses in the post-trauma period has been hampered by a lack of valid and reliable measures.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to design, and provide a preliminary validation of, the Parent Trauma Response Questionnaire (PTRQ), a self-report measure of parental appraisals and support for children's coping, in the aftermath of child trauma.

Methods: We administered an initial set of 78 items to 365 parents whose children, aged 2-19years, had experienced a traumatic event. We conducted principal axis factoring and then assessed the validity of the reduced measure against a standardized general measure of parental overprotection and via the measure's association with child post-trauma mental health.Results: Factor analysis generated three factors assessing parental maladaptive appraisals: (i) permanent change/damage, (ii) preoccupation with child's vulnerability, and (iii) self-blame. In addition, five factors were identified that assess parental support for child coping: (i) behavioural avoidance, (ii) cognitive avoidance, (iii) overprotection, (iv) maintaining pre-trauma routines, and (v) approach coping. Good validity was evidenced against the measure of parental overprotection and child post-traumatic stress symptoms. Good test-retest reliability of the measure was also demonstrated.

Conclusions: The PTRQ is a valid and reliable self-report assessment of parenting cognitions and coping in the aftermath of child trauma.

Original language	English
Article number	1478583
Pages (from-to)	1-12
Number of pages	12
Journal	European Journal of Psychotraumatology
Volume	9
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2018.1478583
Publication status	Published - 2018
Externally published	Yes

Bibliographical note

Copyright the Author(s) 2018. Version archived for private and non-commercial use with the permission of the author/s and according to publisher conditions. For further rights please contact the publisher.

Keywords

parent
child
adolescent
trauma
post-traumatic stress
questionnaire

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10.1080/20008198.2018.1478583Licence: CC BY

Publisher version (open access)Final published version, 1.78 MBLicence: CC BY

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Williamson, V., Hiller, R. M., Meiser-Stedman, R., Creswell, C., Dalgleish, T., Fearon, P., Goodall, B., McKinnon, A., Smith, P., Wright, I., & Halligan, S. L. (2018). The Parent Trauma Response Questionnaire (PTRQ): development and preliminary validation. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 9(1), 1-12. Article 1478583. https://doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2018.1478583

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title = "The Parent Trauma Response Questionnaire (PTRQ): development and preliminary validation",

abstract = "Background: Following a child's experience of trauma, parental response is thought to play an important role in either facilitating or hindering their psychological adjustment. However, the ability to investigate the role of parenting responses in the post-trauma period has been hampered by a lack of valid and reliable measures.Objectives: The aim of this study was to design, and provide a preliminary validation of, the Parent Trauma Response Questionnaire (PTRQ), a self-report measure of parental appraisals and support for children's coping, in the aftermath of child trauma.Methods: We administered an initial set of 78 items to 365 parents whose children, aged 2-19years, had experienced a traumatic event. We conducted principal axis factoring and then assessed the validity of the reduced measure against a standardized general measure of parental overprotection and via the measure's association with child post-trauma mental health.Results: Factor analysis generated three factors assessing parental maladaptive appraisals: (i) permanent change/damage, (ii) preoccupation with child's vulnerability, and (iii) self-blame. In addition, five factors were identified that assess parental support for child coping: (i) behavioural avoidance, (ii) cognitive avoidance, (iii) overprotection, (iv) maintaining pre-trauma routines, and (v) approach coping. Good validity was evidenced against the measure of parental overprotection and child post-traumatic stress symptoms. Good test-retest reliability of the measure was also demonstrated.Conclusions: The PTRQ is a valid and reliable self-report assessment of parenting cognitions and coping in the aftermath of child trauma.",

keywords = "parent, child, adolescent, trauma, post-traumatic stress, questionnaire",

author = "Victoria Williamson and Hiller, {Rachel M.} and Richard Meiser-Stedman and Cathy Creswell and Tim Dalgleish and Pasco Fearon and Ben Goodall and Anna McKinnon and Patrick Smith and Isobel Wright and Halligan, {Sarah L.}",

note = "Copyright the Author(s) 2018. Version archived for private and non-commercial use with the permission of the author/s and according to publisher conditions. For further rights please contact the publisher.",

year = "2018",

doi = "10.1080/20008198.2018.1478583",

language = "English",

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AU - Hiller, Rachel M.

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AU - Dalgleish, Tim

AU - Fearon, Pasco

AU - Goodall, Ben

AU - McKinnon, Anna

AU - Smith, Patrick

AU - Wright, Isobel

AU - Halligan, Sarah L.

N1 - Copyright the Author(s) 2018. Version archived for private and non-commercial use with the permission of the author/s and according to publisher conditions. For further rights please contact the publisher.

PY - 2018

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N2 - Background: Following a child's experience of trauma, parental response is thought to play an important role in either facilitating or hindering their psychological adjustment. However, the ability to investigate the role of parenting responses in the post-trauma period has been hampered by a lack of valid and reliable measures.Objectives: The aim of this study was to design, and provide a preliminary validation of, the Parent Trauma Response Questionnaire (PTRQ), a self-report measure of parental appraisals and support for children's coping, in the aftermath of child trauma.Methods: We administered an initial set of 78 items to 365 parents whose children, aged 2-19years, had experienced a traumatic event. We conducted principal axis factoring and then assessed the validity of the reduced measure against a standardized general measure of parental overprotection and via the measure's association with child post-trauma mental health.Results: Factor analysis generated three factors assessing parental maladaptive appraisals: (i) permanent change/damage, (ii) preoccupation with child's vulnerability, and (iii) self-blame. In addition, five factors were identified that assess parental support for child coping: (i) behavioural avoidance, (ii) cognitive avoidance, (iii) overprotection, (iv) maintaining pre-trauma routines, and (v) approach coping. Good validity was evidenced against the measure of parental overprotection and child post-traumatic stress symptoms. Good test-retest reliability of the measure was also demonstrated.Conclusions: The PTRQ is a valid and reliable self-report assessment of parenting cognitions and coping in the aftermath of child trauma.

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JF - European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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M1 - 1478583

ER -

The Parent Trauma Response Questionnaire (PTRQ): development and preliminary validation

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