TY - GEN
T1 - The pathophysiology of cigarette smoking and age-related macular degeneration
AU - Ni Dhubhghaill, S. S.
AU - Cahill, M. T.
AU - Campbell, M.
AU - Cassidy, L.
AU - Humphries, M. M.
AU - Humphries, P.
PY - 2010
Y1 - 2010
N2 - Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common form of visual impairment, in people over 65, in the Western world. AMD is a multifactorial disease with genetic and environmental factors influencing disease progression. Cigarette smoking is the most significant environmental influence with an estimated increase in risk of 2- to 4-fold. Smoke-induced damage in AMD is mediated through direct oxidation, depletion of antioxidant protection, immune system activation and atherosclerotic vascular changes. Moreover, cigarette smoke induces angiogenesis promoting choroidal neovascularisation and progression to neovascular AMD. Further investigation into the effects of cigarette smoke through in vitro and in vivo experimentation will provide a greater insight into the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration.
AB - Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common form of visual impairment, in people over 65, in the Western world. AMD is a multifactorial disease with genetic and environmental factors influencing disease progression. Cigarette smoking is the most significant environmental influence with an estimated increase in risk of 2- to 4-fold. Smoke-induced damage in AMD is mediated through direct oxidation, depletion of antioxidant protection, immune system activation and atherosclerotic vascular changes. Moreover, cigarette smoke induces angiogenesis promoting choroidal neovascularisation and progression to neovascular AMD. Further investigation into the effects of cigarette smoke through in vitro and in vivo experimentation will provide a greater insight into the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=78149483719&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/978-1-4419-1399-9_50
DO - 10.1007/978-1-4419-1399-9_50
M3 - Conference proceeding contribution
C2 - 20238045
AN - SCOPUS:78149483719
SN - 9781441913982
VL - 664
T3 - Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
SP - 437
EP - 446
BT - Retinal Degenerative Diseases: Laboratory and Therapeutic Investigations
PB - Springer, Springer Nature
CY - New York ; London
ER -