The rise of China and conservation of marine living resources in the polar regions

This paper uses conservation of marine living resources in the Arctic and Antarctica as case-studies to examine the implications of a rising China to the future governance of the polar regions. It first discusses China's positions regarding international fisheries law in the polar waters, more specifically in negotiations of 2018 Agreement to Prevent Unregulated High Seas Fisheries in the Central Arctic Ocean (CAO Agreement), and CCAMLR's process of establishing the Southern Ocean marine protected areas (MPAs). The paper then engages with norm dynamics literature on international relations to analyse what norms China promotes and resists, as well as the motives behind China's dilemma between norm-promotion versus norm-resistance. It concludes with some predictions about China's future positions in polar governance.