The role of APOE-ϵ4 and beta amyloid in the differential rate of recovery from ECT: A review

T. A. Sutton; H. R. Sohrabi; S. R. Rainey-Smith; S. M. Bird; M. Weinborn; R. N. Martins

doi:10.1038/tp.2015.39

The role of APOE-ϵ4 and beta amyloid in the differential rate of recovery from ECT: A review

T. A. Sutton, H. R. Sohrabi, S. R. Rainey-Smith, S. M. Bird, M. Weinborn, R. N. Martins^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › peer-review

7 Citations (Scopus)

404 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

Individual biological differences may contribute to the variability of outcomes, including cognitive effects, observed following electroconvulsive treatment (ECT). A narrative review of the research literature on carriage of the apolipoprotein E ϵ4 allele (APOE-ϵ4) and the protein biomarker beta amyloid (Aβ) with ECT cognitive outcome was undertaken. ECT induces repeated brain seizures and there is debate as to whether this causes brain injury and long-term cognitive disruption. The majority of ECT is administered to the elderly (over age 65 years) with drug-resistant depression. Depression in the elderly may be a symptom of the prodromal stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Carriage of the APOE-ϵ4 allele and raised cerebral Aβ are consistently implicated in AD, but inconsistently implicated in brain injury (and related syndromes) recovery rates. A paucity of brain-related recovery, genetic and biomarker research in ECT responses in the elderly was found: three studies have examined the effect of APOE-ϵ4 allele carriage on cognition in the depressed elderly receiving ECT, and two have examined Aβ changes after ECT, with contradictory findings. Cognitive changes in all studies of ECT effects were measured by a variety of psychological tests, making comparisons of such changes between studies problematic. Further, psychological test data-validity measures were not routinely administered, counter to current testing recommendations. The methodological issues of the currently available literature as well as the need for well-designed, hypothesis driven, longitudinal studies are discussed.

Original language	English
Article number	e539
Pages (from-to)	1-8
Number of pages	8
Journal	Translational Psychiatry
Volume	5
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/tp.2015.39
Publication status	Published - 31 Mar 2015
Externally published	Yes

Bibliographical note

Copyright the Author(s) 2015. Version archived for private and non-commercial use with the permission of the author/s and according to publisher conditions. For further rights please contact the publisher.

Access to Document

10.1038/tp.2015.39

Publisher version (open access).pdfFinal published version, 349 KB

Cite this

@article{8fb257202be140cdb33be38eb2ac07ef,

title = "The role of APOE-ϵ4 and beta amyloid in the differential rate of recovery from ECT: A review",

abstract = "Individual biological differences may contribute to the variability of outcomes, including cognitive effects, observed following electroconvulsive treatment (ECT). A narrative review of the research literature on carriage of the apolipoprotein E ϵ4 allele (APOE-ϵ4) and the protein biomarker beta amyloid (Aβ) with ECT cognitive outcome was undertaken. ECT induces repeated brain seizures and there is debate as to whether this causes brain injury and long-term cognitive disruption. The majority of ECT is administered to the elderly (over age 65 years) with drug-resistant depression. Depression in the elderly may be a symptom of the prodromal stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Carriage of the APOE-ϵ4 allele and raised cerebral Aβ are consistently implicated in AD, but inconsistently implicated in brain injury (and related syndromes) recovery rates. A paucity of brain-related recovery, genetic and biomarker research in ECT responses in the elderly was found: three studies have examined the effect of APOE-ϵ4 allele carriage on cognition in the depressed elderly receiving ECT, and two have examined Aβ changes after ECT, with contradictory findings. Cognitive changes in all studies of ECT effects were measured by a variety of psychological tests, making comparisons of such changes between studies problematic. Further, psychological test data-validity measures were not routinely administered, counter to current testing recommendations. The methodological issues of the currently available literature as well as the need for well-designed, hypothesis driven, longitudinal studies are discussed.",

author = "Sutton, {T. A.} and Sohrabi, {H. R.} and Rainey-Smith, {S. R.} and Bird, {S. M.} and M. Weinborn and Martins, {R. N.}",

note = "Copyright the Author(s) 2015. Version archived for private and non-commercial use with the permission of the author/s and according to publisher conditions. For further rights please contact the publisher.",

year = "2015",

month = mar,

day = "31",

doi = "10.1038/tp.2015.39",

language = "English",

volume = "5",

pages = "1--8",

journal = "Translational Psychiatry",

issn = "2158-3188",

publisher = "Springer, Springer Nature",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - The role of APOE-ϵ4 and beta amyloid in the differential rate of recovery from ECT

T2 - A review

AU - Sutton, T. A.

AU - Sohrabi, H. R.

AU - Rainey-Smith, S. R.

AU - Bird, S. M.

AU - Weinborn, M.

AU - Martins, R. N.

N1 - Copyright the Author(s) 2015. Version archived for private and non-commercial use with the permission of the author/s and according to publisher conditions. For further rights please contact the publisher.

PY - 2015/3/31

Y1 - 2015/3/31

N2 - Individual biological differences may contribute to the variability of outcomes, including cognitive effects, observed following electroconvulsive treatment (ECT). A narrative review of the research literature on carriage of the apolipoprotein E ϵ4 allele (APOE-ϵ4) and the protein biomarker beta amyloid (Aβ) with ECT cognitive outcome was undertaken. ECT induces repeated brain seizures and there is debate as to whether this causes brain injury and long-term cognitive disruption. The majority of ECT is administered to the elderly (over age 65 years) with drug-resistant depression. Depression in the elderly may be a symptom of the prodromal stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Carriage of the APOE-ϵ4 allele and raised cerebral Aβ are consistently implicated in AD, but inconsistently implicated in brain injury (and related syndromes) recovery rates. A paucity of brain-related recovery, genetic and biomarker research in ECT responses in the elderly was found: three studies have examined the effect of APOE-ϵ4 allele carriage on cognition in the depressed elderly receiving ECT, and two have examined Aβ changes after ECT, with contradictory findings. Cognitive changes in all studies of ECT effects were measured by a variety of psychological tests, making comparisons of such changes between studies problematic. Further, psychological test data-validity measures were not routinely administered, counter to current testing recommendations. The methodological issues of the currently available literature as well as the need for well-designed, hypothesis driven, longitudinal studies are discussed.

AB - Individual biological differences may contribute to the variability of outcomes, including cognitive effects, observed following electroconvulsive treatment (ECT). A narrative review of the research literature on carriage of the apolipoprotein E ϵ4 allele (APOE-ϵ4) and the protein biomarker beta amyloid (Aβ) with ECT cognitive outcome was undertaken. ECT induces repeated brain seizures and there is debate as to whether this causes brain injury and long-term cognitive disruption. The majority of ECT is administered to the elderly (over age 65 years) with drug-resistant depression. Depression in the elderly may be a symptom of the prodromal stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Carriage of the APOE-ϵ4 allele and raised cerebral Aβ are consistently implicated in AD, but inconsistently implicated in brain injury (and related syndromes) recovery rates. A paucity of brain-related recovery, genetic and biomarker research in ECT responses in the elderly was found: three studies have examined the effect of APOE-ϵ4 allele carriage on cognition in the depressed elderly receiving ECT, and two have examined Aβ changes after ECT, with contradictory findings. Cognitive changes in all studies of ECT effects were measured by a variety of psychological tests, making comparisons of such changes between studies problematic. Further, psychological test data-validity measures were not routinely administered, counter to current testing recommendations. The methodological issues of the currently available literature as well as the need for well-designed, hypothesis driven, longitudinal studies are discussed.

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84989327944&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1038/tp.2015.39

DO - 10.1038/tp.2015.39

M3 - Review article

C2 - 25826114

AN - SCOPUS:84989327944

SN - 2158-3188

VL - 5

SP - 1

EP - 8

JO - Translational Psychiatry

JF - Translational Psychiatry

M1 - e539

ER -

The role of APOE-ϵ4 and beta amyloid in the differential rate of recovery from ECT: A review

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Access to Document

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Cite this