TY - JOUR
T1 - The weak lensing radial acceleration relation
T2 - Constraining modified gravity and cold dark matter theories with KiDS-1000
AU - Brouwer, Margot M.
AU - Oman, Kyle A.
AU - Valentijn, Edwin A.
AU - Bilicki, Maciej
AU - Heymans, Catherine
AU - Hoekstra, Henk
AU - Napolitano, Nicola R.
AU - Roy, Nivya
AU - Tortora, Crescenzo
AU - Wright, Angus H.
AU - Asgari, Marika
AU - van den Busch, Jan Luca
AU - Dvornik, Andrej
AU - Erben, Thomas
AU - Giblin, Benjamin
AU - Graham, Alister W.
AU - Hildebrandt, Hendrik
AU - Hopkins, Andrew M.
AU - Kannawadi, Arun
AU - Kuijken, Konrad
AU - Liske, Jochen
AU - Shan, Huanyuan
AU - Tröster, Tilman
AU - Verlinde, Erik
AU - Visser, Manus
N1 - Version archived for private and non-commercial use with the permission of the author/s and according to publisher conditions. For further rights please contact the publisher.
PY - 2021/6/22
Y1 - 2021/6/22
N2 - We present measurements of the radial gravitational acceleration around isolated galaxies, comparing the expected gravitational acceleration given the baryonic matter (gbar) with the observed gravitational acceleration (gobs), using weak lensing measurements from the fourth data release of the Kilo-Degree Survey (KiDS-1000). These measurements extend the radial acceleration relation (RAR), traditionally measured using galaxy rotation curves, by 2 decades in gobs into the low-acceleration regime beyond the outskirts of the observable galaxy. We compare our RAR measurements to the predictions of two modified gravity (MG) theories: modified Newtonian dynamics and Verlinde's emergent gravity (EG). We find that the measured relation between gobs and gbar agrees well with the MG predictions. In addition, we find a difference of at least 6σ between the RARs of early- and late-type galaxies (split by Sérsic index and u - r colour) with the same stellar mass. Current MG theories involve a gravity modification that is independent of other galaxy properties, which would be unable to explain this behaviour, although the EG theory is still limited to spherically symmetric static mass models. The difference might be explained if only the early-type galaxies have significant (Mgas ≈ M⋆ ) circumgalactic gaseous haloes. The observed behaviour is also expected in Λ-cold dark matter (ΛCDM) models where the galaxy-to-halo mass relation depends on the galaxy formation history. We find that MICE, a ΛCDM simulation with hybrid halo occupation distribution modelling and abundance matching, reproduces the observed RAR but significantly differs from BAHAMAS, a hydrodynamical cosmological galaxy formation simulation. Our results are sensitive to the amount of circumgalactic gas; current observational constraints indicate that the resulting corrections are likely moderate. Measurements of the lensing RAR with future cosmological surveys (such as Euclid) will be able to further distinguish between MG and ΛCDM models if systematic uncertainties in the baryonic mass distribution around galaxies are reduced.
AB - We present measurements of the radial gravitational acceleration around isolated galaxies, comparing the expected gravitational acceleration given the baryonic matter (gbar) with the observed gravitational acceleration (gobs), using weak lensing measurements from the fourth data release of the Kilo-Degree Survey (KiDS-1000). These measurements extend the radial acceleration relation (RAR), traditionally measured using galaxy rotation curves, by 2 decades in gobs into the low-acceleration regime beyond the outskirts of the observable galaxy. We compare our RAR measurements to the predictions of two modified gravity (MG) theories: modified Newtonian dynamics and Verlinde's emergent gravity (EG). We find that the measured relation between gobs and gbar agrees well with the MG predictions. In addition, we find a difference of at least 6σ between the RARs of early- and late-type galaxies (split by Sérsic index and u - r colour) with the same stellar mass. Current MG theories involve a gravity modification that is independent of other galaxy properties, which would be unable to explain this behaviour, although the EG theory is still limited to spherically symmetric static mass models. The difference might be explained if only the early-type galaxies have significant (Mgas ≈ M⋆ ) circumgalactic gaseous haloes. The observed behaviour is also expected in Λ-cold dark matter (ΛCDM) models where the galaxy-to-halo mass relation depends on the galaxy formation history. We find that MICE, a ΛCDM simulation with hybrid halo occupation distribution modelling and abundance matching, reproduces the observed RAR but significantly differs from BAHAMAS, a hydrodynamical cosmological galaxy formation simulation. Our results are sensitive to the amount of circumgalactic gas; current observational constraints indicate that the resulting corrections are likely moderate. Measurements of the lensing RAR with future cosmological surveys (such as Euclid) will be able to further distinguish between MG and ΛCDM models if systematic uncertainties in the baryonic mass distribution around galaxies are reduced.
KW - Cosmology: theory
KW - Dark matter
KW - Galaxies: halos
KW - Gravitational lensing: weak
KW - Methods: statistical
KW - Surveys
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85108598125&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1051/0004-6361/202040108
DO - 10.1051/0004-6361/202040108
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85108598125
SN - 0004-6361
VL - 650
SP - 1
EP - 30
JO - Astronomy and Astrophysics
JF - Astronomy and Astrophysics
M1 - A113
ER -