TOI-1696 and TOI-2136: Constraining the masses of two mini-Neptunes with the Habitable-Zone Planet Finder

Corey Beard; Paul Robertson; Shubham Kanodia; Jessica Libby-Roberts; Caleb I. Cañas; Arvind F. Gupta; Rae Holcomb; Sinclaire Jones; Henry A. Kobulnicky; Andrea S. J. Lin; Jack Lubin; Marissa Maney; Brock A. Parker; Guðmundur Stefánsson; William D. Cochran; Michael Endl; Leslie Hebb; Suvrath Mahadevan; John Wisniewski; Chad F. Bender; Scott A. Diddams; Mark Everett; Connor Fredrick; Samuel Halverson; Fred Hearty; Andrew J. Metcalf; Andrew Monson; Joe P. Ninan; Arpita Roy; Maria Schutte; Christian Schwab; Ryan C. Terrien

doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ac69ec

TOI-1696 and TOI-2136: Constraining the masses of two mini-Neptunes with the Habitable-Zone Planet Finder

Corey Beard^*, Paul Robertson, Shubham Kanodia, Jessica Libby-Roberts, Caleb I. Cañas, Arvind F. Gupta, Rae Holcomb, Sinclaire Jones, Henry A. Kobulnicky, Andrea S. J. Lin, Jack Lubin, Marissa Maney, Brock A. Parker, Guðmundur Stefánsson, William D. Cochran, Michael Endl, Leslie Hebb, Suvrath Mahadevan, John Wisniewski, Chad F. BenderScott A. Diddams, Mark Everett, Connor Fredrick, Samuel Halverson, Fred Hearty, Andrew J. Metcalf, Andrew Monson, Joe P. Ninan, Arpita Roy, Maria Schutte, Christian Schwab, Ryan C. Terrien

^*Corresponding author for this work

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Abstract

We present the validation of two planets orbiting M dwarfs, TOI-1696b and TOI-2136b. Both planets are mini-Neptunes orbiting nearby stars, making them promising prospects for atmospheric characterization with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). We validated the planetary nature of both candidates using high-contrast imaging, ground-based photometry, and near-infrared radial velocities. Adaptive optics images were taken using the ShARCS camera on the 3 m Shane Telescope. Speckle images were taken using the NN-Explore Exoplanet Stellar Speckle Imager on the WIYN 3.5 m telescope. Radii and orbital ephemerides were refined using a combination of the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite, the diffuser-assisted Astrophysical Research Consortium (ARC) Telescope Imaging Camera (ARCTIC) imager on the 3.5 m ARC telescope at Apache Point Observatory, and the 0.6 m telescope at Red Buttes Observatory. We obtained radial velocities using the Habitable-Zone Planet Finder on the 10 m Hobby-Eberly Telescope, which enabled us to place upper limits on the masses of both transiting planets. TOI-1696b (P = 2.5 days; R_p = 3.24 R_⊕; M_p < 56.6 M_⊕) falls into a sparsely populated region of parameter space considering its host star's temperature (T_eff = 3168 K, M4.5), as planets of its size are quite rare around mid- to late-M dwarfs. On the other hand, TOI-2136b (P = 7.85 days; R_p = 2.09 R_⊕; M_p < 15.0 M_⊕) is an excellent candidate for atmospheric follow-up with the JWST.

Original language	English
Article number	286
Pages (from-to)	1-20
Number of pages	20
Journal	Astronomical Journal
Volume	163
Issue number	6
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ac69ec
Publication status	Published - 1 Jun 2022

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Copyright © 2022. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society. Version archived for private and non-commercial use with the permission of the author/s and according to publisher conditions. For further rights please contact the publisher.

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Beard, C., Robertson, P., Kanodia, S., Libby-Roberts, J., Cañas, C. I., Gupta, A. F., Holcomb, R., Jones, S., Kobulnicky, H. A., Lin, A. S. J., Lubin, J., Maney, M., Parker, B. A., Stefánsson, G., Cochran, W. D., Endl, M., Hebb, L., Mahadevan, S., Wisniewski, J., ... Terrien, R. C. (2022). TOI-1696 and TOI-2136: Constraining the masses of two mini-Neptunes with the Habitable-Zone Planet Finder. Astronomical Journal, 163(6), 1-20. Article 286. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ac69ec

@article{52c6d8301c884cb8bb0e50d73a810d25,

title = "TOI-1696 and TOI-2136: Constraining the masses of two mini-Neptunes with the Habitable-Zone Planet Finder",

abstract = "We present the validation of two planets orbiting M dwarfs, TOI-1696b and TOI-2136b. Both planets are mini-Neptunes orbiting nearby stars, making them promising prospects for atmospheric characterization with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). We validated the planetary nature of both candidates using high-contrast imaging, ground-based photometry, and near-infrared radial velocities. Adaptive optics images were taken using the ShARCS camera on the 3 m Shane Telescope. Speckle images were taken using the NN-Explore Exoplanet Stellar Speckle Imager on the WIYN 3.5 m telescope. Radii and orbital ephemerides were refined using a combination of the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite, the diffuser-assisted Astrophysical Research Consortium (ARC) Telescope Imaging Camera (ARCTIC) imager on the 3.5 m ARC telescope at Apache Point Observatory, and the 0.6 m telescope at Red Buttes Observatory. We obtained radial velocities using the Habitable-Zone Planet Finder on the 10 m Hobby-Eberly Telescope, which enabled us to place upper limits on the masses of both transiting planets. TOI-1696b (P = 2.5 days; Rp = 3.24 R⊕; Mp < 56.6 M⊕) falls into a sparsely populated region of parameter space considering its host star's temperature (Teff = 3168 K, M4.5), as planets of its size are quite rare around mid- to late-M dwarfs. On the other hand, TOI-2136b (P = 7.85 days; Rp = 2.09 R⊕; Mp < 15.0 M⊕) is an excellent candidate for atmospheric follow-up with the JWST. ",

author = "Corey Beard and Paul Robertson and Shubham Kanodia and Jessica Libby-Roberts and Ca{\~n}as, \{Caleb I.\} and Gupta, \{Arvind F.\} and Rae Holcomb and Sinclaire Jones and Kobulnicky, \{Henry A.\} and Lin, \{Andrea S. J.\} and Jack Lubin and Marissa Maney and Parker, \{Brock A.\} and Gu{\dh}mundur Stef{\'a}nsson and Cochran, \{William D.\} and Michael Endl and Leslie Hebb and Suvrath Mahadevan and John Wisniewski and Bender, \{Chad F.\} and Diddams, \{Scott A.\} and Mark Everett and Connor Fredrick and Samuel Halverson and Fred Hearty and Metcalf, \{Andrew J.\} and Andrew Monson and Ninan, \{Joe P.\} and Arpita Roy and Maria Schutte and Christian Schwab and Terrien, \{Ryan C.\}",

note = "Copyright {\textcopyright} 2022. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society. Version archived for private and non-commercial use with the permission of the author/s and according to publisher conditions. For further rights please contact the publisher.",

year = "2022",

month = jun,

day = "1",

doi = "10.3847/1538-3881/ac69ec",

language = "English",

volume = "163",

pages = "1--20",

journal = "Astronomical Journal",

issn = "0004-6256",

publisher = "American Astronomical Society",

number = "6",

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Beard, C, Robertson, P, Kanodia, S, Libby-Roberts, J, Cañas, CI, Gupta, AF, Holcomb, R, Jones, S, Kobulnicky, HA, Lin, ASJ, Lubin, J, Maney, M, Parker, BA, Stefánsson, G, Cochran, WD, Endl, M, Hebb, L, Mahadevan, S, Wisniewski, J, Bender, CF, Diddams, SA, Everett, M, Fredrick, C, Halverson, S, Hearty, F, Metcalf, AJ, Monson, A, Ninan, JP, Roy, A, Schutte, M, Schwab, C & Terrien, RC 2022, 'TOI-1696 and TOI-2136: Constraining the masses of two mini-Neptunes with the Habitable-Zone Planet Finder', Astronomical Journal, vol. 163, no. 6, 286, pp. 1-20. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ac69ec

TY - JOUR

T1 - TOI-1696 and TOI-2136

T2 - Constraining the masses of two mini-Neptunes with the Habitable-Zone Planet Finder

AU - Beard, Corey

AU - Robertson, Paul

AU - Kanodia, Shubham

AU - Libby-Roberts, Jessica

AU - Cañas, Caleb I.

AU - Gupta, Arvind F.

AU - Holcomb, Rae

AU - Jones, Sinclaire

AU - Kobulnicky, Henry A.

AU - Lin, Andrea S. J.

AU - Lubin, Jack

AU - Maney, Marissa

AU - Parker, Brock A.

AU - Stefánsson, Guðmundur

AU - Cochran, William D.

AU - Endl, Michael

AU - Hebb, Leslie

AU - Mahadevan, Suvrath

AU - Wisniewski, John

AU - Bender, Chad F.

AU - Diddams, Scott A.

AU - Everett, Mark

AU - Fredrick, Connor

AU - Halverson, Samuel

AU - Hearty, Fred

AU - Metcalf, Andrew J.

AU - Monson, Andrew

AU - Ninan, Joe P.

AU - Roy, Arpita

AU - Schutte, Maria

AU - Schwab, Christian

AU - Terrien, Ryan C.

N1 - Copyright © 2022. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society. Version archived for private and non-commercial use with the permission of the author/s and according to publisher conditions. For further rights please contact the publisher.

PY - 2022/6/1

Y1 - 2022/6/1

N2 - We present the validation of two planets orbiting M dwarfs, TOI-1696b and TOI-2136b. Both planets are mini-Neptunes orbiting nearby stars, making them promising prospects for atmospheric characterization with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). We validated the planetary nature of both candidates using high-contrast imaging, ground-based photometry, and near-infrared radial velocities. Adaptive optics images were taken using the ShARCS camera on the 3 m Shane Telescope. Speckle images were taken using the NN-Explore Exoplanet Stellar Speckle Imager on the WIYN 3.5 m telescope. Radii and orbital ephemerides were refined using a combination of the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite, the diffuser-assisted Astrophysical Research Consortium (ARC) Telescope Imaging Camera (ARCTIC) imager on the 3.5 m ARC telescope at Apache Point Observatory, and the 0.6 m telescope at Red Buttes Observatory. We obtained radial velocities using the Habitable-Zone Planet Finder on the 10 m Hobby-Eberly Telescope, which enabled us to place upper limits on the masses of both transiting planets. TOI-1696b (P = 2.5 days; Rp = 3.24 R⊕; Mp < 56.6 M⊕) falls into a sparsely populated region of parameter space considering its host star's temperature (Teff = 3168 K, M4.5), as planets of its size are quite rare around mid- to late-M dwarfs. On the other hand, TOI-2136b (P = 7.85 days; Rp = 2.09 R⊕; Mp < 15.0 M⊕) is an excellent candidate for atmospheric follow-up with the JWST.

AB - We present the validation of two planets orbiting M dwarfs, TOI-1696b and TOI-2136b. Both planets are mini-Neptunes orbiting nearby stars, making them promising prospects for atmospheric characterization with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). We validated the planetary nature of both candidates using high-contrast imaging, ground-based photometry, and near-infrared radial velocities. Adaptive optics images were taken using the ShARCS camera on the 3 m Shane Telescope. Speckle images were taken using the NN-Explore Exoplanet Stellar Speckle Imager on the WIYN 3.5 m telescope. Radii and orbital ephemerides were refined using a combination of the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite, the diffuser-assisted Astrophysical Research Consortium (ARC) Telescope Imaging Camera (ARCTIC) imager on the 3.5 m ARC telescope at Apache Point Observatory, and the 0.6 m telescope at Red Buttes Observatory. We obtained radial velocities using the Habitable-Zone Planet Finder on the 10 m Hobby-Eberly Telescope, which enabled us to place upper limits on the masses of both transiting planets. TOI-1696b (P = 2.5 days; Rp = 3.24 R⊕; Mp < 56.6 M⊕) falls into a sparsely populated region of parameter space considering its host star's temperature (Teff = 3168 K, M4.5), as planets of its size are quite rare around mid- to late-M dwarfs. On the other hand, TOI-2136b (P = 7.85 days; Rp = 2.09 R⊕; Mp < 15.0 M⊕) is an excellent candidate for atmospheric follow-up with the JWST.

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85131062647

U2 - 10.3847/1538-3881/ac69ec

DO - 10.3847/1538-3881/ac69ec

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85131062647

SN - 0004-6256

VL - 163

SP - 1

EP - 20

JO - Astronomical Journal

JF - Astronomical Journal

IS - 6

M1 - 286

ER -

TOI-1696 and TOI-2136: Constraining the masses of two mini-Neptunes with the Habitable-Zone Planet Finder

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