TOI-4201: An early M dwarf hosting a massive transiting Jupiter stretching theories of core-accretion

Megan Delamer*, Shubham Kanodia, Caleb I. Cañas, Simon Müller, Ravit Helled, Andrea S. J. Lin, Jessica E. Libby-Roberts, Arvind F. Gupta, Suvrath Mahadevan, Johanna Teske, R. Paul Butler, Samuel W. Yee, Jeffrey D. Crane, Stephen Shectman, David Osip, Yuri Beletsky, Andrew Monson, Leslie Hebb, Luke C. Powers, John P. WisniewskiJaime A. Alvarado-Montes, Chad F. Bender, Jiayin Dong, Te Han, Joe P. Ninan, Paul Robertson, Arpita Roy, Christian Schwab, Guðmundur Stefánsson, Jason T. Wright

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

7 Citations (Scopus)
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Abstract

We confirm TOI-4201 b as a transiting Jovian mass planet orbiting an early M dwarf discovered by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite. Using ground-based photometry and precise radial velocities from NEID and the Planet Finder Spectrograph, we measure a planet mass of 2.59+0.07-0.06, making this one of the most massive planets transiting an M-dwarf. The planet is ∼0.4% the mass of its 0.63 M⊙ host and may have a heavy element mass comparable to the total dust mass contained in a typical Class II disk. TOI-4201 b stretches our understanding of core accretion during the protoplanetary phase, and the disk mass budget, necessitating giant planet formation to either take place much earlier in the disk lifetime or perhaps through alternative mechanisms like gravitational instability.
Original languageEnglish
Article numberL22
Pages (from-to)1-12
Number of pages12
JournalAstrophysical Journal Letters
Volume962
Issue number2
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 13 Feb 2024

Bibliographical note

© 2024. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society. Version archived for private and non-commercial use with the permission of the author/s and according to publisher conditions. For further rights please contact the publisher.

Keywords

  • Exoplanet detection methods
  • Exoplanet astronomy
  • Exoplanet formation
  • Exoplanets
  • Radial velocity
  • Transit photometry
  • Extrasolar gaseous planets

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