TY - JOUR
T1 - Traumatic brain damage in minor head injury
T2 - Relation of serum S-100 protein measurements to magnetic resonance imaging and neurobehavioral outcome
AU - Ingebrigtsen, Tor
AU - Waterloo, Knut
AU - Jacobsen, Eva A.
AU - Langbakk, Bodil
AU - Romner, Bertil
PY - 1999/9
Y1 - 1999/9
N2 - OBJECTIVE: The present study was conducted to validate S-100 protein as a marker of brain damage after minor head injury. METHODS: We studied 50 patients with minor head injuries and Glasgow Coma Scale scores of 13 to 15 in whom computed tomographic scans of the brain revealed no abnormalities. Serum levels of S-100 protein were measured at admittance and hourly thereafter until 12 hours after injury. Magnetic resonance imaging and baseline neuropsychological examinations were performed within 48 hours, and neuropsychological follow-up was conducted at 3 months postinjury. RESULTS: Fourteen patients (28%) had detectable serum levels of S-100 protein (mean peak value, 0.4 μg/L [standard deviation, ± 0.3]). The S-100 protein levels were highest immediately after the trauma, and they declined each hour thereafter. At 6 hours postinjury, the serum level was below the detection limit (0.2 μg/L) in five (36%) of the patients with initially detectable levels. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed brain contusions in five patients, four of whom demonstrated detectable levels of S-100 protein in serum. The proportion of patients with detectable serum levels was significantly higher when magnetic resonance imaging revealed a brain contusion. In patients with detectable serum levels, we observed a trend toward impaired neuropsychological functioning on measures of attention, memory, and information processing speed. CONCLUSION: Determination of S-100 protein levels in serum provides a valid measure of the presence and severity of traumatic brain damage if performed within the first hours after minor head injury.
AB - OBJECTIVE: The present study was conducted to validate S-100 protein as a marker of brain damage after minor head injury. METHODS: We studied 50 patients with minor head injuries and Glasgow Coma Scale scores of 13 to 15 in whom computed tomographic scans of the brain revealed no abnormalities. Serum levels of S-100 protein were measured at admittance and hourly thereafter until 12 hours after injury. Magnetic resonance imaging and baseline neuropsychological examinations were performed within 48 hours, and neuropsychological follow-up was conducted at 3 months postinjury. RESULTS: Fourteen patients (28%) had detectable serum levels of S-100 protein (mean peak value, 0.4 μg/L [standard deviation, ± 0.3]). The S-100 protein levels were highest immediately after the trauma, and they declined each hour thereafter. At 6 hours postinjury, the serum level was below the detection limit (0.2 μg/L) in five (36%) of the patients with initially detectable levels. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed brain contusions in five patients, four of whom demonstrated detectable levels of S-100 protein in serum. The proportion of patients with detectable serum levels was significantly higher when magnetic resonance imaging revealed a brain contusion. In patients with detectable serum levels, we observed a trend toward impaired neuropsychological functioning on measures of attention, memory, and information processing speed. CONCLUSION: Determination of S-100 protein levels in serum provides a valid measure of the presence and severity of traumatic brain damage if performed within the first hours after minor head injury.
KW - Computed tomographic scan
KW - Head injury
KW - Magnetic resonance imaging
KW - Neurobehavioral outcome
KW - S-100 protein
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0032875596&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1097/00006123-199909000-00010
DO - 10.1097/00006123-199909000-00010
M3 - Article
C2 - 10493368
AN - SCOPUS:0032875596
VL - 45
SP - 468
EP - 476
JO - Neurosurgery
JF - Neurosurgery
SN - 0148-396X
IS - 3
ER -