Treatment of vocally disruptive behaviour of multifactorial aetiology

Objective. To describe the treatment of vocally disruptive behaviour (VDB) of multifactorial aetiology. Method. Three case reports were used to illustrate the treatment of multifactorial VDB. Results. A biopsychosocial assessment is required to identify the different aetiologies involved and the way they interact. Acute medical and psychiatric factors may demand that interventions are introduced simultaneously rather than in succession. Conclusion. Successful interventions require the combination of biopsychosocial strategies tailored to the individual case with realistic goals that include the acceptance of a residual level of VDB as a reasonable outcome.