TY - JOUR
T1 - Ultrasmall red fluorescent gold nanoclusters for highly biocompatible and long-time nerve imaging
AU - Yang, Zhe
AU - Zhao, Yueqi
AU - Hao, Yulei
AU - Li, Xingchen
AU - Zvyagin, Andrei V.
AU - Whittaker, Andrew K.
AU - Cui, Yong
AU - Yang, Bai
AU - Lin, Quan
AU - Li, Yang
PY - 2021/5
Y1 - 2021/5
N2 - A rapidly growing area of neuroscience demands next-generation neurofluorescent probes are fulfilling several stringent criteria, including water solubility, distinct signal-to-background ratio, anti-photobleaching, and low toxicity. Herein, a novel neurofluorescent probe based on gold nanoclusters capped with glutathione (Au-GSH) is introduced and characterized by advanced fluorescence photophysical properties composed of comparative high quantum yield (8.9%), negligible blinking, and bright fluorescence in the red spectral range (Em = 650 nm) with sub-millisecond-scale lifetime (0.62 ms). Fluorescent performance is tested and demonstrated negligible photobleaching under exposure to ultraviolet light (365 nm, 30 W) over 4 h, immunity to variation of the microenvironment characterized by pH range of 4–10, and colloidal stability in serum over 24 h during the blood circulation. Coupled with 2.4 ± 0.9 nm ultrasmall size and good water solubility, they are superior to fluorescent proteins, quantum dots, and organic fluorescent dyes. Au-GSH are further confirmed that they can be used as a fluorescent label for in vivo nerve and brain imaging, and even after injecting Au-GSH into the rat sciatic nerve for 21 d, the red fluorescence is still preserved. This combination of favorable properties makes Au-GSH a promising candidate for neurofluorescent probes.
AB - A rapidly growing area of neuroscience demands next-generation neurofluorescent probes are fulfilling several stringent criteria, including water solubility, distinct signal-to-background ratio, anti-photobleaching, and low toxicity. Herein, a novel neurofluorescent probe based on gold nanoclusters capped with glutathione (Au-GSH) is introduced and characterized by advanced fluorescence photophysical properties composed of comparative high quantum yield (8.9%), negligible blinking, and bright fluorescence in the red spectral range (Em = 650 nm) with sub-millisecond-scale lifetime (0.62 ms). Fluorescent performance is tested and demonstrated negligible photobleaching under exposure to ultraviolet light (365 nm, 30 W) over 4 h, immunity to variation of the microenvironment characterized by pH range of 4–10, and colloidal stability in serum over 24 h during the blood circulation. Coupled with 2.4 ± 0.9 nm ultrasmall size and good water solubility, they are superior to fluorescent proteins, quantum dots, and organic fluorescent dyes. Au-GSH are further confirmed that they can be used as a fluorescent label for in vivo nerve and brain imaging, and even after injecting Au-GSH into the rat sciatic nerve for 21 d, the red fluorescence is still preserved. This combination of favorable properties makes Au-GSH a promising candidate for neurofluorescent probes.
KW - brain imaging
KW - gold nanoclusters
KW - long-time tracing
KW - neurofluorescence imaging
KW - red fluorescent probes
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85102748209&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1002/ppsc.202100001
DO - 10.1002/ppsc.202100001
M3 - Article
SN - 1521-4117
VL - 38
SP - 1
EP - 9
JO - Particle and Particle Systems Characterization
JF - Particle and Particle Systems Characterization
IS - 5
M1 - 2100001
ER -