VEGF-loaded ROS-responsive nanodots improve the structure and function of sciatic nerve lesions in type II diabetic peripheral neuropathy

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a prevalent complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), significantly contributing to the risk of amputation and mortality. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can induce both neurological and structural harm through direct impact and pyroptosis, underscoring the critical role of ROS regulation in mitigating DPN. In this research endeavor, we propose harnessing the inherent antioxidant properties of sulfhydryl groups by grafting them onto gold nanodots through an amidation reaction, resulting in the creation of ROS-responsive AuNDs. Additionally, we aim to synthesize AuNDs-VEGF, wherein VEGF is attached to AuNDs via electrostatic interactions, as a therapeutic strategy for addressing DPN in rat models. The results of in vivo experiments showed that AuNDs and AuNDs-VEGF nanoparticles could increase the nerve conduction velocity, shorten the latency of nerve conduction in the sciatic nerve, promote the regeneration of nerve trophectodermal vessels, improve the structure and function of the sciatic nerve, reduce the apoptosis of neural cells, and alleviate the atrophy of the gastrocnemius muscle. Thus, VEGF-loaded ROS-responsive nanodots present a promising avenue for ameliorating diabetic peripheral neuropathy. This innovative approach not only extends the application possibilities of nanodots but also introduces a novel avenue for the treatment of diabetic neuropathy.