Visual Detection of LSB-Encoded Natural Image Steganography

Paul Watters; Frances Martin; Steffen Stripf

doi:10.1145/1328775

Visual Detection of LSB-Encoded Natural Image Steganography

Paul Watters, Frances Martin, Steffen Stripf

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

6 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Many steganographic systems embed hidden messages inside the least significant bit layers of colour natural images. The presence of these messages can be difficult to detect by using statistical steganalysis. However, visual steganalysis by humans may be more successful in natural image discrimination. This study examined whether humans could detect least-significant bit steganography in 15 color natural images from the VisTex database using a controlled same/different task (N = 58) and a yes/no task (N = 61). While d' > 1 was observed for color layers 4-8, layers 1-3 had d' <1 in both experiments. Thus, layers 1-3 appear to be highly resistant to visual steganalysis.

Original language	English
Journal	ACM Transactions on Applied Perception
Volume	5
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1145/1328775
Publication status	Published - 2008
Externally published	Yes

Keywords

Security
Protection
Counterterrorism
Psychology
Military
Steganography

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10.1145/1328775

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abstract = "Many steganographic systems embed hidden messages inside the least significant bit layers of colour natural images. The presence of these messages can be difficult to detect by using statistical steganalysis. However, visual steganalysis by humans may be more successful in natural image discrimination. This study examined whether humans could detect least-significant bit steganography in 15 color natural images from the VisTex database using a controlled same/different task (N = 58) and a yes/no task (N = 61). While d' > 1 was observed for color layers 4-8, layers 1-3 had d' <1 in both experiments. Thus, layers 1-3 appear to be highly resistant to visual steganalysis.",

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AU - Martin, Frances

AU - Stripf, Steffen

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AB - Many steganographic systems embed hidden messages inside the least significant bit layers of colour natural images. The presence of these messages can be difficult to detect by using statistical steganalysis. However, visual steganalysis by humans may be more successful in natural image discrimination. This study examined whether humans could detect least-significant bit steganography in 15 color natural images from the VisTex database using a controlled same/different task (N = 58) and a yes/no task (N = 61). While d' > 1 was observed for color layers 4-8, layers 1-3 had d' <1 in both experiments. Thus, layers 1-3 appear to be highly resistant to visual steganalysis.

KW - Security

KW - Protection

KW - Counterterrorism

KW - Psychology

KW - Military

KW - Steganography

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SN - 1544-3558

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ER -

Visual Detection of LSB-Encoded Natural Image Steganography

Abstract

Keywords

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