‘Where were pharmaceuticals in Eden?’ Use of herbal medicine in old age: focus group discussions among community-dwelling older adults in Ghana

Objective: The use of herbs later in life is an important research area, yet there is little known about older adults’ herb use in Ghana. This qualitative study offers a better understanding of the motivations for herb use among older adults in Ghana. Methods: Two separate focus group discussions were conducted for individuals who participated in a study investigating healthcare use among older adults in the Kumasi Metropolis of Ghana. Nineteen older adults (10 males, 9 females) participated in the focus group discussions. Discussion responses were coded and analysed. Results: Older adults used various kinds of medicinal herbs which include ginger (Zingiber officinale), garlic (Allium sativum), moringa (Moringa oleifera), Bonto (Nicotiana tabacum) and Sorowisa (Piper guineense) for treating and preventing various illnesses and diseases. Reasons for herb use in later life included: (1) the perceived safety and efficacy of herbal remedies; (2) a lack of trust in conventional drugs; (3) cultural sensitivity of herbal remedies; (4) perception of positive health outcomes and status as a result of herbal medicine use; (5) unpleasant experiences of using western medications; and (6) the availability, accessibility and affordability of herbal remedies compared to conventional drugs. There was a lack of disclosure of herb use to healthcare professionals. In most cases, participants used herbs concurrently with pharmaceuticals without the knowledge of possible side effects and interactions. Conclusion: This paper provides evidence to suggest that the implementation of an intercultural healthcare system should be considered by the relevant authorities within the Ghana health sector.